Primary Outcomes (explanation)
Behavior:
B1. Pregnancy. Indicator variable=1 if the girl is or has been pregnant. This is question 148 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
B2 = Startup of business/farming. Indicator variable=1 if the girl has business and/or a farming/poultry/livestock activity. This is question 27, 28 and 29 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
B3= Sales in a normal week from these business and/or farming/poultry/livestock activities. This is the sum of question 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, 88, 92, 96, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 124, 128 & 132 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
Since many girls are likely to have zero-total sales, we use the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation of the outcome (see,Card and DellaVigna, 2013)
B4=Patience. Indicator variable =1 if the girl chooses to wait for 1 month before receiving her phone voucher (and thereby receiving 5000 TZS instead of receiving 2000 TZS today). This is question number 164 in the long-term survey.
Gender equality
G1 = Indicator variable=1 if the girl responds yes to the following question ( that comes from the DHS – Tanzania): “Do you agree that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she goes out without telling him?” (Yes/No) This is question 151 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
G2 = Response value to the following question: “It is acceptable to me that a wife earns more money than her husband” (question 152 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire). The response is on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is “strongly disagrees” and 5 is “strongly agrees”.
Empowerment
E1 = Response value to the following question, where we ask whether they agree that “I have little control about things that happen to me”. The response is on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is strongly disagrees and 5 is “strongly agrees”. This is question 149 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
E2 =Response value to the following question, where we ask whether they agree that “I certainly feel useless at times”. The response is on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is strongly disagrees and 5 is “strongly agrees”. This is question 150 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
Welfare
W1= Response value to the following question, where we ask whether they agree that “I am very happy with my life», using the scale « 1. strongly disagree, 2. disagree, 3. neither agree nor disagree, 4. Agree, 5. strongly agree». This is question 153 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
W2 = Response value to the following question, where we ask “How happy are you with your health?”,using the scale “1. not happy at all, 2. somewhat unhappy, 3. neither happy nor unhappy, 4. somewhat happy, 5. very happy”. W2 is equal to the response value. This is question 154 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
W3 = Response value to the following question, where we ask “How happy are you with your economic situation?», using the scale « “1. not happy at all, 2. somewhat unhappy, 3. neither happy nor unhappy, 4. somewhat happy, 5. very happy”». W2 is equal to the response value. This is question 155 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
W4 = Indicator variable=1 if the girl responds a strictly positive number on the following question: “During the last week, how many days were you too sick to work?”. This is question 157 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
W5 = This is the sum of all income and profit the girls gets in a normal week, which is
the sum of question 26, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 135, 137 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
Since many girls are likely to have zero-income, we use the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation of the outcome (see, Card and DellaVigna, 2013).