Primary Outcomes (explanation)
Ad 1. We relied on a dynamic MPL approach, with a range of values for WTP from -$6 to $6. We randomly selected 10 participants for whom one of the MPL choices is implemented.
Ad 2. We asked the following questions:
(1) Click the point on the scale below that you feel is most appropriate in describing you. Over the past 6 weeks, I thought I was:
1 (not a very happy person), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (a very happy person).
(2) Indicate your agreement with the statement below. During the past 6 weeks, I was satisfied with my life.
Possible answers: Strongly disagree, Disagree, Slightly disagree, Neither agree nor disagree, Slightly agree, Agree, Strongly agree.
(3) Below are some ways you might have felt or behaved in the past 6 weeks. Please tell us how much of the time during the past 6 weeks:
... you felt depressed.
... you felt anxious.
... you were absorbed in doing something worthwile.
... you felt bored.
Possible answers for each statement: 1. None or almost none of the time, 2., 3., 4. All or almost all of the time.
Based on the six responses, we will craete one index of well-being by averaging the standardized values – for each response we will substract the mean and divide by the standard deviation.
Ad 3. We provide the participants with the following instructions:
Lastly, we would like to ask you to rate toxicity of seven real comments posted online. Before you provide the ratings, please read the definitions of toxicity below.
Very Toxic: a very hateful, aggressive, or disrespectful comment that is very likely to make you leave a discussion or give up on sharing your perspective.
Toxic: a rude, disrespectful, or unreasonable comment that is somewhat likely to make you leave a discussion or give up on sharing your perspective.
Please rate the toxicity of the following comments. We kept the original spelling, including any mistakes.
The statements are as follows (displayed in random order):
(a) So tired of all these Portlanders moving to California and ruining the culture. When will it stop?!?
(b) The sky is falling! The sky is falling! This country has elected a black man twice! And now a woman! Please God! Make America Great Again! We're going down in flames!!!
(c) Only an individual living in the bubble of Ottawa and "working" as a professor can come up with this nonsense.....wow!
(d) can we just exterminate this scumbag already? every miserable breath he takes is a slap in the face to people who understand the privilege of parenthood.
(e) If you want more EmX transit route, more bike lanes, and less traffic lanes, vote for either Joshua Skov or Chris Wig. If not Goggle the others and make sure they are not part of the arrogant progressive movement, which is ruining Eugene.
(f) FYI: "LOL" does not turn a pack of malicious lies into amusingly subversive wisdom.
(g) Sadly, you are probably right. Things in Africa have gone from bad to worse for gay people, thanks mostly to American evangelical homophobes like Scott Lively exporting their hate to foreign shores.
To aggregate the resposnes, we first compute the proportion of people who reported each statement to be ‘Toxic’ or ‘Very Toxic’. Then, we average the proportions across the seven statements to report the final outcome.