A field experiment on carbon footprint information provision in restaurants

Last registered on January 16, 2023
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Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
A field experiment on carbon footprint information provision in restaurants
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0010381
Initial registration date
November 11, 2022

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
November 17, 2022, 3:29 PM EST

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Last updated
January 16, 2023, 7:57 AM EST

Last updated is the most recent time when changes to the trial's registration were published.

Locations

Country
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Region

Primary Investigator

Name
Paul Lohmann
Affiliation
University of Cambridge
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Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Name
Elisabeth Gsottbauer
PI Affiliation
London School of Economics and Political Science
Contact Investigator
PI Name
Andreas Kontoleon
PI Affiliation
University of Cambridge
Contact Investigator
PI Name
Lucia Reisch
PI Affiliation
University of Cambridge
Contact Investigator

Additional Trial Information

Status
On going
Start date
2022-11-08
End date
2023-03-20
Keywords
Behavior, Environment & Energy
Additional Keywords
climate change, consumer demand, food choices, field experiment, low-carbon diet, nudge, vegan swap, sustainable food policy
JEL code(s)
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
In this study, we will conduct a field experiment to measure the effect of carbon footprint information provision on the meal choices of restaurant customers. Treatment restaurants will introduce menus providing additional carbon footprint information and “climate friendly” framing for a selection of “vegan swaps”, i.e. meat/dairy based meals for which an identical lower-carbon vegan alternative exists, while control restaurants will not provide any additional information. The objective of this study is to examine whether providing carbon footprint information can lead to greater uptake of low-carbon vegan swaps.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Gsottbauer, Elisabeth et al. 2023. "A field experiment on carbon footprint information provision in restaurants." AEA RCT Registry. January 16. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.10381-1.1
Sponsors & Partners
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
Eight restaurants will introduce the “climate information” menus, while the remaining eight restaurants serve as the ‘control’ restaurants. In the ‘climate information’ restaurants, we will introduce table menus which will include carbon footprint information for all vegan swap meals on offer. A vegan swap meal includes a standard meat meal which can be made vegan and climate friendly by substituting meat and dairy ingredients with meat-free and vegan alternatives. Each menu contains four swap offers, across different food categories (e.g. Starters, Mains, Deserts). The default option is always the meat-based option, however, customers can ask for the vegan swap when ordering.

The “climate information” menus include the following message: “Make this Climate Friendly and Vegan with [details on swap ingredient], [Calories], reducing the carbon footprint by [X]%*”. The asterisk directs the customer to an additional info box, located in the bottom right corner of the menu, which contains the following message: “*Trying to cut down on your carbon footprint? – Small choices like what we eat can have a big impact on the planet. That’s why we’ve been working with [company name] to understand the environmental impact of some of our dishes and where we can make a difference. Keep an eye out for the “Make this Climate Friendly and Vegan” swaps on our menu to see how you can reduce the carbon footprint of your meal by making a simple switch. Want to know more? Visit [Website link].”

In the control restaurants, no information about the carbon footprint of the low-carbon alternative is provided. Sales data for both the default and vegan swap alternatives will be recorded through the restaurant point of sales system. Any data which can be obtained on the sales of “vegan swaps” since their introduction and prior to the intervention will serve as baseline data. These were introduced in all restaurants in July 2021.

We will test the following main hypotheses:
H1: Provision of carbon footprint information for swap meals will increase the probability that customers order low-carbon swap meals.
H2. Provision of carbon footprint information for swap meals will not affect the total sales of these items in the treated restaurants.

The new menus will be introduced on 8th November and will be displayed until 21st March 2023, except between 21st November and 2nd January, during which a special Christmas Menu without any carbon footprint information will be used (this applies to both treatment and control restaurants).
Intervention Start Date
2022-11-08
Intervention End Date
2023-03-20

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
The main outcome variable is the sales share of vegan swaps relative to the total sales of the default alternative.
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
We will also record total sales of the vegan swaps to assess whether the intervention has an effect on revenue/profit as secondary outcome variable.
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
The field experiment will be conducted in 16 restaurants at different locations across the UK, belonging to the same restaurant chain. All restaurants offer the same menu with respect to availability of meals, prices and cuisine.

While the restaurant chain operates over 50 restaurants across the UK, eight pairs of restaurants were selected for the experiment, where each pair is comparable on observable macro-level characteristics (e.g. customer base, socio-demographic profile, number of customers).

Treatment was assigned at the restaurant level: Eight restaurants will introduce the “climate information” menus, while the remaining eight restaurants serve as the ‘control’ restaurants.
Experimental Design Details
Randomization Method
The retail chain provided the researchers with a list of restaurants eligible for treatment and control status. In collaboration with the restaurant management, eight matched pairs were selected (comparable on observable characteristics) where one restaurant in each pair was assigned to the treatment group.
Randomization Unit
The retail chain provided the researchers with a list of restaurants eligible for treatment and control status. In collaboration with the restaurant management, eight matched pairs were selected (comparable on observable characteristics) where one restaurant in each pair was assigned to the treatment group.
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
N/A
Sample size: planned number of observations
Baseline period (13 weeks) + Treatment period (13 weeks): Daily sales data: N ≈ 3000 Weekly sales data: N ≈ 420
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
Daily sales data: N ≈ 1500
Weekly sales data: N ≈ 210
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
Details on power calculations are provided in the supporting materials.
Supporting Documents and Materials

Documents

Document Name
Power Calculations
Document Type
other
Document Description
Power calculations for the study are outlined here.
File
Power Calculations

MD5: 8eb53b57ec541bd80a2c774f1a44c201

SHA1: 864f6e91adf3b5a011badd628b249ad6b5193c2d

Uploaded At: January 16, 2023

IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Department of Land Economy
IRB Approval Date
2022-12-12
IRB Approval Number
Department of Land Economy Research Committee (University of Cambridge)
Analysis Plan

Post-Trial

Post Trial Information

Study Withdrawal

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Intervention

Is the intervention completed?
No
Data Collection Complete
Data Publication

Data Publication

Is public data available?
No

Program Files

Program Files
Reports, Papers & Other Materials

Relevant Paper(s)

Reports & Other Materials