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Field Before After
Trial Status on_going completed
Abstract Following the Russian war against Ukraine, Germany is suffering from a gas supply shortage. As a result, energy prices are skyrocketing and both the government and public utilities undertake efforts to encourage energy savings of households. We run a natural field experiment in cooperation with one of the largest energy suppliers in Germany to test a reminder intervention among households participating in an energy savings program. As part of that program, all households receive 5 cents for each kilowatt-hour natural gas they save during the winter 2022/2023 in comparison to previous years. However literature has shown, that many interventions lose effectiveness after a few months. We thus randomize mailings during that energy savings program which remind households of their initial energy savings plans. Urged by the European Energy Crisis and the threatening consequences of severe natural gas shortages, energy providers launched gas-saving initiatives incorporating financial incentives to reduce residential natural gas consumption. In collaboration with one of Germany’s largest energy providers, we conducted a natural field experiment (N = 2,598) to evaluate the effectiveness of a behaviorally-guided co-design of such a gas-saving initiative by implementing two established behavioral instruments -- reminders of gas saving intentions and descriptive norm feedback. Our findings show limited effectiveness of the behavioral instruments during the high-price period. The feedback risks a ``boomerang effect” among households with above-average initial savings, who reduce their conservation efforts in response. The reminder does not significantly enhance savings in our main specifications, yet, realizes 1 percentage point savings in alternate models refining for outliers. Potential mechanisms include a significant intention-action gap and misperceived effectiveness of energy-saving actions, which are not alleviated by the reminder.
Last Published February 07, 2023 11:13 AM October 28, 2025 12:53 PM
Study Withdrawn No
Intervention Completion Date March 31, 2023
Data Collection Complete Yes
Was attrition correlated with treatment status? No
Final Sample Size: Total Number of Observations N = 2,382
Final Sample Size (or Number of Clusters) by Treatment Arms Control group N = 1,199, treatment group N = 1,183.
Data Collection Completion Date April 01, 2023
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Other Primary Investigators

Field Before After
Affiliation ZEW Mannheim Paderborn University
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Field Before After
Affiliation Paderborn University
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