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Abstract Investments in early childhood development (ECD) have lifelong effects on the growth of an individual, the educational attainment of the next generation, and the economic growth of a country. Poor ECD trends persist in populations around the world, especially those in lower and middle-income countries. Research shows that many children from less-resourced settings might not be experiencing high quality language and parent-child interaction environments necessary for healthy child development. Evidence from non-Western, as well as low-income settings in developed countries, suggests that the home language and parent-child interaction environment have a strong influence on child development outcomes. Rural China is one example of a low-income setting where the home language environment may be a significant factor of ECD. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of a group training based parent-child Interaction parenting program on home language and parent-child interaction environment and ECD outcomes of children aged 12-30 months living in low-income communities. Investments in early childhood development (ECD) have lifelong effects on the growth of an individual, the educational attainment of the next generation, and the economic growth of a country. Poor ECD trends persist in populations around the world, especially those in lower and middle-income countries. Research shows that many children from less-resourced settings might not be experiencing high quality language and parent-child interaction environments necessary for healthy child development. Evidence from non-Western, as well as low-income settings in developed countries, suggests that the home language and parent-child interaction environment have a strong influence on child development outcomes. Rural China is one example of a low-income setting where the home language environment may be a significant factor of ECD. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of a group training based parent-child Interaction parenting program on home language and parent-child interaction environment and ECD outcomes of children aged 12-30 months living in low-income communities. We have completed the endline survey and are planning a second follow-up survey to assess the medium-term impacts of the program on child development and related outcomes. This follow-up will allow us to better understand the effects of the intervention over time.
Trial End Date October 25, 2023 August 31, 2025
Last Published October 17, 2023 12:38 PM August 09, 2025 04:36 AM
Study Withdrawn No
Data Collection Complete No
Primary Outcomes (End Points) Early childhood development outcomes Child development outcomes
Primary Outcomes (Explanation) Early childhood development outcomes are measured by the following scales: 1) Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III); 2) Caregiver Reported Early Development Instrument – short form (CREDI-SF); 3) The receptive and expressive of the MacArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI); 4) Home language environment (Language Environment Analysis, LENA). First follow up survey: Child development outcomes are measured by the following scales: 1) Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III); 2) Caregiver Reported Early Development Instrument – short form (CREDI-SF); 3) The receptive and expressive of the MacArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI); 4) Home language environment (Language Environment Analysis, LENA). Second time follow up survey, child development outcomes are measured by the following scales: 1) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence; 2) Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ); 3) The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire of children (SDQ); 4) Home language environment (Language Environment Analysis, LENA and USB recorder)
Secondary Outcomes (End Points) Caregiver parenting knowledge Active parenting practices: Measured using Family Care Indicators (FCI) Caregiver mental health outcomes: Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) Caregiver parenting knowledge Active parenting practices: Measured using Family Care Indicators (FCI) and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Caregiver mental health outcomes: Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)
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Affiliation Stanford University
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