The Effectiveness of Information Transfer in Reducing Food Waste: Evidence from an RCT with Small and Micro Enterprises in Cusco’s Hospitality Sector

Last registered on December 01, 2023

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
The Effectiveness of Information Transfer in Reducing Food Waste: Evidence from an RCT with Small and Micro Enterprises in Cusco’s Hospitality Sector
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0012063
Initial registration date
November 06, 2023

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
November 15, 2023, 4:05 PM EST

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Last updated
December 01, 2023, 11:32 AM EST

Last updated is the most recent time when changes to the trial's registration were published.

Locations

Region

Primary Investigator

Affiliation
Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
Wageningen University and Research

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2022-07-01
End date
2024-04-30
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
Food waste is a major challenge for the short-term business profitability and the long-term environmental sustainability of food service providers, mainly in developing countries. This research is focused on food waste generated at kitchen stage by SMEs restaurants in the for-profit hospitality sector of Cusco (Peru). SMEs are at least 90% of food service providers in the study context. Restaurants generate approximately 14.6 tons of organic waste per day (99% is food waste), which constitutes 24% of the total food waste and 13% of the total solid waste generated in Cusco city. This research aims to enhance the existing literature by evaluating experimentally the effects of information transfer on small and micro-sized food service enterprises, with the ultimate objective of reducing food waste generation. In order to capture causal effects, a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) was employed. Small and micro-sized enterprises (SMEs) were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The RCT will comprise a baseline, midline, and endline. The treatment intervention offers information and training to SMEs’ managers (owners) and chefs to incentivize the adoption of food management innovations and ultimately to reduce the generation of organic waste at kitchen stage. Based on Cost-benefit and Cost- effectiveness analyses, this study provides evidence-based policy instruments to improve the pro-environmental performance of firms.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Alpízar Rodríguez, Francisco and Cesar Del Pozo Loayza. 2023. "The Effectiveness of Information Transfer in Reducing Food Waste: Evidence from an RCT with Small and Micro Enterprises in Cusco’s Hospitality Sector." AEA RCT Registry. December 01. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.12063-2.0
Sponsors & Partners

Sponsors

Partner

Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
The intervention consists of four main components: Baseline, Training, Midline, and Endline. The first component involves collecting information about each SME’s outcome (waste segregation, waste generation), managers’ perceptions about food waste generation and management practices, and SME characteristics. This component serves as a baseline and includes all SMEs in the final sample. Each SME will be visited once for waste generation measurement (audit) and to complete a baseline survey. As part of the baseline, our research team will provide a waste container (with a capacity of 50 kilograms, according to Peruvian government regulations about waste management) to each SME free of charge. These waste cans provided to each SME allow us to accurately measure waste segregation and organic waste generation both at baseline and endline.

The second component of the program involves training to improve knowledge about food management. SMEs will be randomly selected through a stratified lottery, with both treated and untreated SMEs being chosen. Only the treated SMEs will be invited to participate in the training sessions.

The third component of our study includes a midline survey to collect information from both the treatment and control groups. In the control group, we will inquire about the use of waste container and organic waste segregation. In the treatment group, we will ask about the use of garbage cans, organic waste segregation, and the implementation of measures to improve food management in the kitchen stage after training. We will conduct the survey through cell phone calls. We will contact the control group SMEs one month after they receive the garbage cans, and the treated group SMEs one month after they complete the training at Instituto Khipu (Gastronomy educationa institution).

The final component, involves collecting information from each SME about the follow- up measures taken after the intervention. This includes the perceptions of managers (owners) regarding the generation of food waste and any improvements in the practices of food waste management. All SMEs in the final sample will participate in this component. Each SME will be visited once for waste generation measurements (audit) and a survey.

The timeline for the intervention is 3 months for the baseline (including pilot), 3 months for training SMEs (including midline), and 2 months for the endline.
Intervention Start Date
2023-05-01
Intervention End Date
2023-12-30

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Our primary outcome is determining whether SMEs segregate organic waste at the kitchen stage.
Primary Outcomes (explanation)
We will conduct audits during the baseline and endline phases to assess whether SMEs use the waste containers provided by the program to segregate organic waste or not.

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Our second outcome is measuring organic waste generation at the kitchen stage.
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)
However, it is considered difficult to measure accurately due to the diverse material types of food and inedible parts and the inventory boundaries. Multiple techniques are available to measure organic and food waste, as explained in the Guidance on Food Loss and Waste Quantification Methods at www.flwprotocol.org.

These methods include direct weighing, counting, assessing volume, waste composition analysis, records, diaries, surveys, mass balance, modeling, and proxy data. However, semi-structured interviews are commonly used to gather information about food waste at the SME level.

To avoid self-report bias, we employ physical measures to collect data on organic waste generation at the kitchen stage for both treated and control SMEs.

We use a combination of two methods, namely Direct Weighing and Waste Composition Analysis, to measure the amount of organic waste generated. Direct weighing involves using weighing devices, such as waste cans and electronic scales, to quantify the weight of organic waste generated. Waste composition analysis is used to separate and weigh organic waste from inorganic waste physically.

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
We conducted a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) to determine the causal effect of information transfer to SME managers (owners) and chefs on business outcomes. The RCT involved detailed audits and surveys at the beginning and end of the study, with a midline phone survey conducted during the intervention. Randomization was only done among SMEs that expressed interest in participating in the umbrella program. After baseline, with more precise power calculations, SMEs were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups using a simple lottery in each of the 5 strata. This will be used as a variable block (stratified), meaning the sample will be distributed according to these strata. The effect by strata will not be analyzed due to limited statistical power.

The Randomized Control Trial (RCT) involves two treatment arms: the treatment and control groups. The control group consists of untreated
SMEs, who will participate in baseline, midline, and endline evaluations. We will implement a basic information intervention for the control SMEs to increase awareness of organic waste. During the baseline evaluation, we will visit each SME in person (around n=130) and provide them with a waste container to segregate the organic waste generated.

At baseline and endline evaluations, we will collect information on the physical measures of generating organic waste, measured in kilograms (per worker, per day, and per SME). In the midline, we use cellphone surveys to gather information on whether or not the
garbage can was used for organic waste segregation by the control SMEs. At the end of the program, we gather information on how the waste cans are used to separate organic waste. Once the program is over, all SMEs in the control group will receive printed guidelines to
improve food management and reduce food waste production at the kitchen stage. The control group SMEs participating in the baseline, midline, and endline surveys will receive an official certification from Municipalidad Provincial del Cusco.

In baseline and endline surveys, we will survey managers (owners) to collect information on SMEs’ characteristics, background factors, and pro-environmental attitudes, perceptions, and preferences. Treatment groups consist of randomly selected treated SMEs, each participating in a baseline, midline, and endline survey. To increase awareness, a basic intervention will be implemented in treated SMEs. During the baseline survey, we will visit each SME in person (around n=130) and provide them with a brown garbage can to segregate the organic waste generated. In the baseline and endline surveys, we will collect information on physical measures of the generation of organic waste, all measured in kilograms (per worker, per day, and per SME). In addition to this basic intervention, managers and chefs will receive an invitation to participate in a free three-hour training session at Instituto Khipu. The training session is called "Curso-Taller en Gestión del Área de Alimentos y Bebidas" (Course-Workshop in Food and Beverage Area Management).

After each training session, every participant will be given a printed guideline that includes all the procedures covered during the training. During the midline, we collect information about the use of garbage cans for waste segregation. We also gather information about implementing food waste management innovations related to food manipulation practices, purchasing planning, storage, production planning, and food optimization via cell phone surveys. In both baseline and endline, we survey managers (owners) to gather
information about SMEs’ characteristics, background factors, and pro-environmental attitudes, perceptions, and preferences. Treated SMEs that participate in the baseline, midline, and endline will receive an official certification for participating in the program from Municipalidad Provincial del Cusco. Additionally, managers and owners who complete the training will receive an official certification for participating in the "Curso-Taller en Gestión del Área de Alimentos y Bebidas" from Instituto Khipu.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
The process of randomization will be carried out by a computer in the office.
Randomization Unit
The randomization units are small and micro enterprises of the Hospitality sector of Cusco, Peru.
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
No clustering
Sample size: planned number of observations
Around 260 small and micro enterprises of the Hospitality sector of Cusco, peru.
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
Around 130 small and micro enterprises in the treatment group. Around 130 small and micro enterprises in the control group.
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
0.279 SD (15%)
Supporting Documents and Materials

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IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Comité de Bioética Institucional y Sub Comités de Bioética de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco
IRB Approval Date
2023-10-11
IRB Approval Number
CBI-UNSAAC2023-014
Analysis Plan

Analysis Plan Documents

PAP RCT food waste in the hospitality sector

MD5: 3c70f916f4b6a67647a0792b35f89214

SHA1: 75d613249ba587208e81d717cf5a5e57af52b3b2

Uploaded At: November 03, 2023