AEA RCT Registry

Fields Changed

Registration

Field	Before	After
Trial Status	completed	on_going
Trial End Date	October 31, 2024	May 31, 2026
Last Published	November 18, 2024 03:08 AM	March 12, 2026 02:48 AM
Experimental Design (Public)	There are 5 treatment arms. T0: Control group with no expectations conveyed to the subject, a straightforward elicitation of effort choice in a team project T1: Private signals (team partner’s effort expectations) conveyed to the subject, the strategy method is used to elicit effort choices by varying partner expectations T2: Social signals (social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to the subjects, the strategy method is used to elicit effort choices by varying social group’s expectations T3: Mixed signals (combination of partner’s and social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to subjects, strategy method used to elicit effort choices by varying both types of expectations T4: Mixed signals with sanctions (combination of partner’s and social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to subjects, strategy method used to elicit effort choices by varying both types of expectations Subjects are randomly allocated to one of the 5 treatments, and further randomly matched with team partners within each treatment to play the effort game.	There are 6 treatment arms. T0: Control group with no expectations conveyed to the subject, a straightforward elicitation of effort choice in a team project T1: Private signals (team partner’s effort expectations) conveyed to the subject, the strategy method is used to elicit effort choices by varying partner expectations T2: Social signals (social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to the subjects, the strategy method is used to elicit effort choices by varying social group’s expectations T3: Mixed signals (combination of partner’s and social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to subjects, strategy method used to elicit effort choices by varying both types of expectations T4: Mixed signals with sanctions (combination of partner’s and social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to subjects, strategy method used to elicit effort choices by varying both types of expectations T5: Social signals with no sanctions and no empirical expectation signals conveyed to the subjects, the strategy method is used to elicit effort choices by varying the social group’s normative expectation signals.
Randomization Method	Individual subject-level randomization into one of five treatment arms through a randomizer programmed into Qualtrics.	Individual subject-level randomization into one of six treatment arms through a randomizer programmed into Qualtrics/oTree.
Planned Number of Observations	625 individuals	600 individuals
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms	125 individuals each in 5 arms	100 individuals each in 6 arms
Intervention (Hidden)	There are 5 treatment arms. T0: Control group with no expectations conveyed to the subject, a straightforward elicitation of effort choice in a team project T1: Private signals (team partner’s effort expectations) conveyed to the subject, the strategy method is used to elicit effort choices by varying partner expectations T2: Social signals (social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to the subjects, the strategy method is used to elicit effort choices by varying social group’s expectations T3: Mixed signals (combination of partner’s and social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to subjects, strategy method used to elicit effort choices by varying both types of expectations T4: Mixed signals with sanctions (combination of partner’s and social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to subjects, strategy method used to elicit effort choices by varying both types of expectations	There are 6 treatment arms. T0: Control group with no expectations conveyed to the subject, a straightforward elicitation of effort choice in a team project T1: Private signals (team partner’s effort expectations) conveyed to the subject, the strategy method is used to elicit effort choices by varying partner expectations T2: Social signals (social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to the subjects, the strategy method is used to elicit effort choices by varying social group’s expectations T3: Mixed signals (combination of partner’s and social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to subjects, strategy method used to elicit effort choices by varying both types of expectations T4: Mixed signals with sanctions (combination of partner’s and social group’s effort expectations) conveyed to subjects, strategy method used to elicit effort choices by varying both types of expectations T5: Social signals with no sanctions and no empirical expectation signals conveyed to the subjects, the strategy method is used to elicit effort choices by varying the social group’s normative expectation signals.