Empowering Poor Urban Women in Bangladesh through Digital Financial Services: Does Wage Payment via Mobile Money translate into Economic Empowerment?

Last registered on October 23, 2023

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Empowering Poor Urban Women in Bangladesh through Digital Financial Services: Does Wage Payment via Mobile Money translate into Economic Empowerment?
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0012312
Initial registration date
October 18, 2023

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
October 23, 2023, 9:30 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

Region

Primary Investigator

Affiliation
University of Kent

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
University of Kent
PI Affiliation
University of Kent

Additional Trial Information

Status
On going
Start date
2022-06-01
End date
2023-12-31
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
There has been a rapid increase in the use of digital financial services, such as mobile money, in developing countries, particularly among the poor and marginalized who have traditionally had limited access to formal financial services. Carrying out day-to-day financial transactions digitally has the potential for improving the financial autonomy and economic participation of poor women. We address the question whether paying the wages via mobile money affects the labour force participation and financial autonomy of low-income urban women in Bangladesh.
The study design involves a randomised intervention that provides women employed in the domestic work sector training on the use of digital financial services, as well as wage payment via mobile money.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Malde, Bansi, Maliha Rahanaz and Zaki Wahhaj. 2023. "Empowering Poor Urban Women in Bangladesh through Digital Financial Services: Does Wage Payment via Mobile Money translate into Economic Empowerment?." AEA RCT Registry. October 23. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.12312-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
We invited female domestic workers working at HelloTask to attend a two-day training4 on digital financial services starting from September 2022. The modules were adapted from the HerFinance Digital Wages Curriculum developed by the HERfinance Digital Wages
Program5. There are 6 training modules: Introduction to Mobile Financial Services, Using Mobile Financial Services, Financial Planning and Managing Money, Budgeting, Savings, and Talking About Finances With Family. The original versions of these modules were prepared to facilitate training sessions among garment factory workers. We worked with our implementation partner, HelloTask, to adapt the modules to the context of female domestic workers in Bangladesh. The modules were further adapted via discussions with the HelloTask field force and from the researchers’ experience with female domestic workers during focus group discussions (FGDs).
Furthermore, the original modules were updated to include the various other MFS providers, presently, operating in Bangladesh. We updated the transaction charges/fees and interest rates on savings6. We provided information on the universe of services available from different mobile money providers - essentially, differentiating between the existing mode of payment and he new mode of wage payment we offer to domestic workers in T1.

A training of trainers (TOT) session was conducted by the experienced trainer at HelloTask. The TOT sessions were also joined by local brand promoters (BP) of HelloTask7 so as to assist the trainees during the training sessions. The two-day training sessions were conducted in HelloTask hubs (venue training). These hubs are privately owned/rented by HelloTask to use for their day-to-day business and
training activities. The hubs are located inside the slum regions across Dhaka city and so served our purpose of ensuring familiarity and accessibility when we invited our study participants. Additionally, we offered support (via the BPs) for women who brought their
child/children so that they could concentrate during the training sessions. We developed a DFS training calling protocol, where we called and informed, a week before, each domestic worker in T1 and T2 about the invitation to attend the training. A dedicated team at HT continued to make reminder calls 24 hours before the training and then finally on the day of the training as another gentle reminder.
We closely monitored the rate of attendance for the training at the hubs over the next two to three months and by December 2022 we had provided training to 156 domestic workers.

To reach more participants, we worked with HelloTask to initiate door-to-door training. These door-to-door training were conducted by the BPs8(who attended all the venue sessions, and training and had experience working with these women in the past). By January 2023, we provided training to another 116 domestic workers via door-to-door training, reaching 272 of the 337 domestic workers in treatment arms 1 and 2. The DFS training was provided in homogeneous group sessions, ensuring that all women attending a specific training session (i.e. at the same time, day, and hub) belong to the same treatment arm(s). This homogeneity was also ensured among women who were given the door-to-door training (i.e. at the same time, day and location).

Intervention Start Date
2022-09-01
Intervention End Date
2023-09-01

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
The primary outcomes will be: (1) consumption expenditures, savings, remittances and
investments; (2) conflict within the household; (3) intimate partner violence; (4) labour
supply; (5) WEE index based on self-reported ability to make choices related to labour
supply, expenditures, investments and reproductive health
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
This study uses a randomized experiment to evaluate the economic effects of providing training on the use of mobile money to female domestic workers, residing in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Between June and July 2022, we recruited 563 study participants from 5 study zones and randomized them into three treatment/control groups:
a) treatment group one (T1) who receive training on digital financial services and an offer of wage payment via a new mode of wage payment
b) treatment group two (T2) who receive training on digital financial services but continue to receive wages via the original mode of payment
c) control group (C) who do not receive training on digital financial services and continue to receive wages via the original mode of payment
Experimental Design Details
Randomization Method
Each of the study participants was randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups (two treatment arms and one control) across 5 major slums/hubs (Bashundhara, Dhanmondi-Mohammadpur, Malibag-Khilgaon, Mirpur and Uttara). Randomization occurred at the same time and in an office computer.
Randomization Unit
Randomization is at the individual level (female domestic worker)
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
NA
Sample size: planned number of observations
563 female domestic workers (observations) across 5 zones/slums in Dhaka city,
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
To draw our sample, HelloTask provided us with a list of 780 domestic workers actively working at their platform. From this list, we randomly selected a sample of 563 domestic workers across the 5 zones/slums in Dhaka city.

Within each zones/slums, we randomly selected:
T1: 170 domestic workers who receive training on digital financial services and an offer of wage payment via a new mode of wage payment
T2: 167 domestic workers who receive training on digital financial services but continue to receive wages via the original mode of payment
C: 226 domestic workers who do not receive training on digital financial services and continue to receive wages via the original mode of payment



Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
University of Kent
IRB Approval Date
2022-01-20
IRB Approval Number
N/A
Analysis Plan

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Post-Trial

Post Trial Information

Study Withdrawal

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Intervention

Is the intervention completed?
No
Data Collection Complete
Data Publication

Data Publication

Is public data available?
No

Program Files

Program Files
Reports, Papers & Other Materials

Relevant Paper(s)

Reports & Other Materials