| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Trial Status | Before in_development | After completed |
| Field Trial End Date | Before March 30, 2024 | After June 20, 2024 |
| Field Last Published | Before March 13, 2024 01:01 AM | After June 27, 2024 07:24 AM |
| Field Intervention End Date | Before March 30, 2024 | After May 28, 2024 |
| Field Primary Outcomes (Explanation) | Before 1. Perceptions 1-1. Perceptions on personal and household income positions in the country We ask a question on their perceived relative positions of personal and household income in the national income distribution. We also ask questions on last year’s personal and household income, of which the categories are based on actual income decile distribution in the country (EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, 2022). Combining those questions, we show stylised facts on Spanish respondents’ misperceptions on their own income positions in society. 1-2. Perceptions on upward mobility To elicit respondents’ beliefs on intergenerational upward mobility, we introduce an image of stairs to the question, in the same manner as preceding research. Hypothesising 500 families that represent the country's population, we ask the perceived probability of upward mobility of the children coming from poorest families. Specifically, using an image of stairs, we ask respondents how many children coming from the poorest 100 families will belong to different income groups, once they grow up (respondents need to fill out empty fields to indicate their views). We then redo the same question of upward mobility conditional on children’s effort and talent. 2. Policy preferences The main questions on policy preferences are as below. 2-1. Government budget allocation We ask preferred budget allocation on ⅰ) Defense and National Security, ⅱ) Infrastructure, ⅲ) Education (early childhood, primary and secondary education), ⅳ) Education (tertiary education), ⅴ) Old age and disability pensions, ⅵ) Social Insurance and Public Assistance, and ⅶ) Health. The respondents have to divide the budget in to 7 categories and the total percentile of the budget must sum to 100. 2-2. Income taxes To elicit income tax preferences, we ask respondents to move taxation sliders, which correspond to preferred income tax rates on each income group, in a way that they view fair. Income groups are the top 1%, the next 9%, the 40%, and the bottom 50%. Notice that respondents are constrained to current level of revenue in their country, and to build up this constraint, actual statistics, such as GNI and income tax revenue statistics, are utilised behind the question. In addition to the question above, we ask policy preferences questions, such as support for the Estate Tax, equality of opportunity policies. For the details of the main questions, please see the Supporting Documents and Materials, which is available upon request (by clicking the button). | After 1. Perceptions 1-1. Perceptions on personal and household income positions in the country We ask a question on their perceived relative positions of personal and household income in the national income distribution. We also ask questions on last year’s personal and household income, of which the categories are based on actual income decile distribution in the country (EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, 2022). Combining those questions, we show stylised facts on Spanish respondents’ misperceptions on their own income positions in society. 1-2. Perceptions on upward mobility To elicit respondents’ beliefs on intergenerational upward mobility, we introduce an image of social ladders to the question, in the same manner as preceding research. Hypothesising 500 families that represent the country's population, we ask the perceived probability of upward mobility of the children coming from poorest families. Specifically, using an image of ladders, we ask respondents how many children coming from the poorest 100 families will belong to different income groups, once they grow up (respondents need to fill out empty fields to indicate their views). We then redo the same question of upward mobility conditional on children’s effort and talent. 2. Policy preferences The main questions on policy preferences are as below. 2-1. Government budget allocation We ask preferred budget allocation on ⅰ) Defense and National Security, ⅱ) Infrastructure, ⅲ) Education (early childhood, primary and secondary education), ⅳ) Education (tertiary education), ⅴ) Old age and disability pensions, ⅵ) Social Insurance and Public Assistance, and ⅶ) Health. The respondents have to divide the budget in to 7 categories and the total percentile of the budget must sum to 100. 2-2. Income taxes To elicit income tax preferences, we ask respondents to move taxation sliders, which correspond to preferred income tax rates on each income group, in a way that they view fair. Income groups are the top 1%, the next 9%, the next 40%, and the bottom 50%. Notice that respondents are constrained to current level of revenue in their country, and to build up this constraint, actual statistics, such as GNI and income tax revenue statistics, are utilised behind the question. In addition to the question above, we ask policy preferences questions, such as support for the Estate Tax, equality of opportunity policies. For the details of the main questions, please see the Supporting Documents and Materials, which is available upon request (by clicking the button). |
| Field Experimental Design (Public) | Before We conduct an online survey to collect information on perceptions on intergenerational mobility and on relative income positions in the country, and preferences for redistribution amongst a representative sample of the Spanish population. We attempt to clarify correlations and causations between upward mobility perceptions and preferences for redistribution policies. The survey design builds on Alesina et al. (2018), which shows treatment group respondents two animations on low intergenerational mobility. Based upon the aforesaid information-provision design, respondents are randomly split between one control group and two treatment groups, Waves A, B and C respectively. Respondents in treatment groups, Wave B and C, are shown two animations on low intergenerational mobility, those in the control group, Wave A, are shown no information. We also run a follow-up survey to the treated, Waves B and C, in order to check persistency of treatment effects. Respondents are recontacted approximately 7 days after they have completed the main survey. For the details of randomisation strategy and key questions for our study, please see the Supporting Documents and Materials, which is available upon request (by clicking the button). Planned date for data collection. ■Trial Start Date Wave A (Control G): 2024-02-13 ■Intervention Start Date Wave B (Treatment G): 2024-02-19 Wave C (Treatment G): 2024-03-18 ■Intervention End Date Wave B (Treatment G): 2024-02-29 Wave C (Treatment G): 2024-03-28 *Follow-up survey will be conducted for Waves B and C, approximately 7 days after they have completed the main survey. | After We conduct an online survey to collect information on perceptions on intergenerational mobility and on relative income positions in the country, and preferences for redistribution amongst a representative sample of the Spanish population. We attempt to clarify correlations and causations between upward mobility perceptions and preferences for redistribution policies. The survey design builds on Alesina et al. (2018), which shows treatment group respondents two animations on low intergenerational mobility. Based upon the aforesaid information-provision design, respondents are randomly split between one control group and two treatment groups, Waves A, B and C respectively. Respondents in treatment groups, Waves B and C, are shown two animations on low intergenerational mobility, those in the control group, Wave A, are shown no information. We also run a follow-up survey to the treated, Waves B and C, in order to check persistency of treatment effects. Respondents are recontacted approximately 7 days after they have completed the main survey. For the details of randomisation strategy and key questions for our study, please see the Supporting Documents and Materials, which is available upon request (by clicking the button). Planned date for data collection. ■Trial Start Date Wave A (Control G): 2024-02-13 ■Intervention Start Date Wave B (Treatment G): 2024-04-04 Wave C (Treatment G): 2024-05-18 ■Intervention End Date Wave B (Treatment G): 2024-04-14 Wave C (Treatment G): 2024-05-28 *Follow-up surveys will be conducted for Waves B and C, approximately 7 days after they have completed the main survey. |
| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Description | Before These are the treatment animations shown to the respondents of Waves B and C. | After Animations shown to the treatment group. |
| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Document Name | Before | After Main survey questionnaire |
| Field File | Before |
After
Questionnaire for Wave A (ESP).docx
MD5:
5628291f5ad7b44c4c83e783c419b047
SHA1:
17c445bd31b11bddedfd18e5c43f4b34ac3be078
|
| Field Description | Before | After Questionnaire for the control group (without animations). |
| Field Public | Before | After Yes |
| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Document Name | Before | After Follow-up survey questionnaire |
| Field File | Before |
After
Follow-up survey questionnaire (ESP).docx
MD5:
7b1e52fb3bbc34ff5d60f76e7954515c
SHA1:
de798f3f1f2b9a80bb52d4a94d499bfb367546b5
|
| Field Description | Before | After Follow-up survey questionnaire for the treatment group. |
| Field Public | Before | After Yes |
| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Document Name | Before | After Survey plan and key questions |
| Field File | Before |
After
Survey plan and key questions.docx
MD5:
18d62983a325e178b8b55e50444db094
SHA1:
e55e4188d3f18e742c48c4e34b0318bd43245f54
|
| Field Description | Before | After The quota information, survey schedule, and descriptions on key questions are summarised. |
| Field Public | Before | After Yes |
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Field Document Name | Value Questionnaire |
| Field File |
Value
Questionnaire for Wave A (ESP).docx
MD5:
6674b13bd198e7f4e105212490f700fd
SHA1:
4df06d66b9dcabbb58b756c1d6d24d8c1018ed2f
|
| Field Description | Value This is the questionnaire for the Wave A. |
| Field Public | Value Yes |
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Field Document Name | Value Survey Plan & Key Questions |
| Field File |
Value
Survey Plan & Key Questions.docx
MD5:
6c75a203f2e8df6d4ebffab6729a1c36
SHA1:
48dc7f0e9e4362d3beb9d36f4aecdd2f0fb33927
|
| Field Description | Value The quota information, survey schedule, and descriptions on key questions are summarised. |
| Field Public | Value Yes |