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Trial End Date December 31, 2025 December 31, 2026
Last Published October 16, 2025 10:14 PM November 11, 2025 11:25 PM
Primary Outcomes (End Points) We have two data points, (i) right after the intervention (donation game response and follow-up survey response), (ii) endline survey (6 months after the intervention). We interpret that the "End Points" means (ii), however, for the sake of completeness, we describe key outcome variables at both (i) and (ii). (i) Parental religious knowledge (survey response), Parental attitude toward FLFP (donation game outcome) (ii) Young women's participation in work outside the home We have two data points, (i) right after the intervention (donation game response and follow-up survey response), (ii) endline survey (6 months after the intervention). We interpret that the "End Points" means (ii), however, for the sake of completeness, we describe key outcome variables at both (i) and (ii). Additionally, we will conduct the supplementary phone-based follow-up survey between October and December 2025. In the endline survey, we did not systematically collect information on current enrollment status for respondents aged above 16, although many of the girls appear to still be enrolled (see the attached structural questionnaire). We will also ask about the girls’ employment status one and a half years after the intervention. Please note that we expect a relatively high attrition rate, as this phone-based survey was not planned originally. Since it is uncertain whether quantitative analysis will be feasible based on this follow-up survey---and we may use the data primarily for qualitative analysis---we consider this survey to be supplementary. (i) Parental religious knowledge (survey response), Parental attitude toward FLFP (donation game outcome) (ii) Young women's participation in work outside the home
Primary Outcomes (Explanation) (i) Primary outcomes will be measured by the questions in the follow-up survey right after the intervention. 1. Parental religious knowledge will be measured based on the answers to the following questions and answers. R1. How would you rate your Islamic knowledge about female employment? 1=Expert, 2=Good, 3=Neither good nor bad, 4=Bad, 5=Never studied R2. Do you think Islam allows female to participate in the Halal labour activities? 1=Yes, 2=No, 3=Unsure R3. Do you know that the first wife of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) Hazrat Khadija (RA) was a very successful business woman? 1=Yes, 2=No -> The outcome variable about the religious knowledge will be constructed (a) as a binary variable, i.e., proportion of the respondents who answered 1 or 2 to the question R1 and 1 to the questions R2 and R3. And we will construct (b) the sum of these answers (taking the values 0-3). 2. Parental attitude toward FLFP will be measured by the donation game outcome, i.e., how much the respondent is willing to donate to a NGO working for enhancement of FLFP. (ii) Primary outcome at the endline will be the binary variable that takes the value of 1 if she works outside the home. Girls' paid-work participation will be measured by Yes/No household income questions in Section 2. (i) Primary outcomes will be measured by the questions in the follow-up survey right after the intervention. 1. Parental religious knowledge will be measured based on the answers to the following questions and answers. R1. How would you rate your Islamic knowledge about female employment? 1=Expert, 2=Good, 3=Neither good nor bad, 4=Bad, 5=Never studied R2. Do you think Islam allows female to participate in the Halal labour activities? 1=Yes, 2=No, 3=Unsure R3. Do you know that the first wife of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) Hazrat Khadija (RA) was a very successful business woman? 1=Yes, 2=No -> The outcome variable about the religious knowledge will be constructed (a) as a binary variable, i.e., proportion of the respondents who answered 1 or 2 to the question R1 and 1 to the questions R2 and R3. And we will construct (b) the sum of these answers (taking the values 0-3). 2. Parental attitude toward FLFP will be measured by the donation game outcome, i.e., how much the respondent is willing to donate to a NGO working for enhancement of FLFP. (ii) Primary outcome at the endline will be the binary variable that takes the value of 1 if she works outside the home. Girls' paid-work participation will be measured by Yes/No household income questions in Section 2. In the phone-based follow-up survey, we also collect information on their current work status through the following questions. FU4. Ever worked for pay. 1=Yes, 2=No FU5. Ever looked for a job. 1=Yes, 2=No
Secondary Outcomes (Explanation) Secondary outcomes will be measured by the questions in the endline survey ((ii) 6 months later) except for some which will be measured by the ones in the (i) follow-up survey. 1. Parental attitude toward FLFP will be measured based on the answers to the following questions. (from (i) follow-up survey) F1. Do you think it a good idea for women in general to work outside the home? 1= Yes, 2= Yes, only if it is white collar job, 3= No F2. Would you allow your daughter to work outside the home? 1= Yes, 2= Yes, only if it is white collar job, 3= No -> The outcome variable will be constructed (a) as ordinal variable, i.e., the ordered answers to the questions F1 and F2, respectively. We will construct (b) binary variables taking the value of 1 if the answers to the questions F1 and F2 are 1, respectively, and (c) binary variables taking the value of 1 if the answers to the questions F1 and F2 are 1 or 2, respectively. The sum of these binary variables are also consructed as ordinal variables taking the values 0-2 in both cases ((d) for the sum of (b) and (e) for the sum of (c)). (from (ii) endline survey) DW1. Would you allow your daughter to work outside the home? 1= Yes, 2= Yes, only if it is white collar job, 3= No DW3. How far would you allow your daughter to travel to get a job? 1= Home-based work only, 2= Within the union, 3= Within the tehsil, 4= Within the district, 5= Within the division, 6= Another division, 7= Another province, 8= Abroad -> The outcome variable will be constructed (a) as ordinal variables, i.e., the ordered answers to the questions DW1 and DW3, respectively. We will construct (b) a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question DW1 is 1, (c) a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question DW3 is 2 and above, and (d) a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question DW3 is 3 and above. The sum of these binary variables are also consructed as ordinal variables taking the values 0-2 in either cases ((e) for the sum of (b) and (c), (f) for the sum of (b) and (d)). GA10.Women should not work outside but should rather take care of the family. GA11.Women should not work outside even if other household members (e.g., sisters) can take care of the family. GA12.Income earned by a women should be remitted to her husband. GA13.A woman should ask her husband for permission if she wants to work outside. GA14.If a girl works outside home, that increases her chances of finding a better groom. GA15.If a girl works outside home, that decreases the amount of dowry that the parents need to pay. To above questions, the respondent answers 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree. -> The outcome variable will be constructed (a) as binary variables taking the value of 1 if the answers to the questions above are two less conservative values, (b) the sum of these binary variables taking the values 0-6, and (c) using factor analysis. 2. Girls' empowerment will be measured based on the answers to the following questions. The answer 5=I'm usually at home (do not go out) to the question D1. To which level do you observe purdah? (Though purdah itself is not a measure of empowerment, the answer 5 shows the level of girl's mobility) D2. Please tell us your educational aspiration. 1=I do not intend to pursue higher education, 2=I plan to complete master’s or higher degree. -> The outcome variable will be constructed (a) as a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question D1 is not 5, (b) a binary varialbe taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question D2 is 2, and (c) the sum of these binary variables taking the values 0-2. 3. Girls' attitude toward FLFP will be measured based on the answers to the following questions. D3. Please tell us your job aspiration in the future. Do you want to work for pay? 1=Yes, 2=No, 3=Not sure. D3.1 If Yes above, which occupation do you have in your mind? -> The outcome variable will be constructed (a) as a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question D3 is 1. We will construct some (b) categorical (by occupations) variables based on the answers to the question D3.1. Secondary outcomes will be measured by the questions in the endline survey ((ii) 6 months later) except for some which will be measured by the ones in the (i) follow-up survey. 1. Parental attitude toward FLFP will be measured based on the answers to the following questions. (from (i) follow-up survey) F1. Do you think it a good idea for women in general to work outside the home? 1= Yes, 2= Yes, only if it is white collar job, 3= No F2. Would you allow your daughter to work outside the home? 1= Yes, 2= Yes, only if it is white collar job, 3= No -> The outcome variable will be constructed (a) as ordinal variable, i.e., the ordered answers to the questions F1 and F2, respectively. We will construct (b) binary variables taking the value of 1 if the answers to the questions F1 and F2 are 1, respectively, and (c) binary variables taking the value of 1 if the answers to the questions F1 and F2 are 1 or 2, respectively. The sum of these binary variables are also consructed as ordinal variables taking the values 0-2 in both cases ((d) for the sum of (b) and (e) for the sum of (c)). (from (ii) endline survey) DW1. Would you allow your daughter to work outside the home? 1= Yes, 2= Yes, only if it is white collar job, 3= No DW3. How far would you allow your daughter to travel to get a job? 1= Home-based work only, 2= Within the union, 3= Within the tehsil, 4= Within the district, 5= Within the division, 6= Another division, 7= Another province, 8= Abroad -> The outcome variable will be constructed (a) as ordinal variables, i.e., the ordered answers to the questions DW1 and DW3, respectively. We will construct (b) a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question DW1 is 1, (c) a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question DW3 is 2 and above, and (d) a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question DW3 is 3 and above. The sum of these binary variables are also consructed as ordinal variables taking the values 0-2 in either cases ((e) for the sum of (b) and (c), (f) for the sum of (b) and (d)). GA10.Women should not work outside but should rather take care of the family. GA11.Women should not work outside even if other household members (e.g., sisters) can take care of the family. GA12.Income earned by a women should be remitted to her husband. GA13.A woman should ask her husband for permission if she wants to work outside. GA14.If a girl works outside home, that increases her chances of finding a better groom. GA15.If a girl works outside home, that decreases the amount of dowry that the parents need to pay. To above questions, the respondent answers 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree. -> The outcome variable will be constructed (a) as binary variables taking the value of 1 if the answers to the questions above are two less conservative values, (b) the sum of these binary variables taking the values 0-6, and (c) using factor analysis. (from supplementary phone-based follow up survey). FUM1. Changed attitude toward FLFP of your daughter/sister. 1=Yes, 2=No, 3=No change. 2. Girls' empowerment will be measured based on the answers to the following questions. The answer 5=I'm usually at home (do not go out) to the question D1. To which level do you observe purdah? (Though purdah itself is not a measure of empowerment, the answer 5 shows the level of girl's mobility) D2. Please tell us your educational aspiration. 1=I do not intend to pursue higher education, 2=I plan to complete master’s or higher degree. -> The outcome variable will be constructed (a) as a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question D1 is not 5, (b) a binary varialbe taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question D2 is 2, and (c) the sum of these binary variables taking the values 0-2. (from supplementary phone-based follow up survey). FU1 Current enrollment status 1=Yes, 2=No FU2 Educational aspiration 1=Undergrad, 2=Undergrad (ons degree 16 yrs), 3=MA/MSc (16 yrs), 4=MA/MSc (18 years), 5=Doctrate 3. Girls' attitude toward FLFP will be measured based on the answers to the following questions. D3. Please tell us your job aspiration in the future. Do you want to work for pay? 1=Yes, 2=No, 3=Not sure. D3.1 If Yes above, which occupation do you have in your mind? -> The outcome variable will be constructed (a) as a binary variable taking the value of 1 if the answer to the question D3 is 1. We will construct some (b) categorical (by occupations) variables based on the answers to the question D3.1. (from supplementary phone-based follow up survey). FU6. Plan to work for pay. 1=Yes, 2=No
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Analysis Plans

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Document
251111flfp_pak.pdf
MD5: f90449a2d93d0aa1f0fe9d047d16eeae
SHA1: 0409ba0487c3f010fbdae836b0353cdf4aba423a
Title Female labor force participation and religiosity in the patriarchal urban Pakistan
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Irbs

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IRB Name Research Ethics Committee, Institutional Review Board (IRB) of IDE-JETRO
IRB Approval Date July 15, 2025
IRB Approval Number RPA250714009
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