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Abstract
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Before
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China has reached a concerning level of 10.8%, presenting a significant public health challenge. Beyond its progression to end-stage renal disease, CKD substantially elevates the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and malignant neoplasms, consequently imposing a considerable burden on healthcare resources. Empirical evidence suggests that early detection and intervention in CKD management can efficaciously mitigate disease progression. However, the awareness of CKD in China remains strikingly low at 10.0%, particularly low among individuals with early-stage CKD. This underscores the imperative need for comprehensive public health education initiatives and early screening programs focused on kidney disease.
Preliminary investigations have demonstrated that conventional methodologies, such as poster campaigns and continuing education programs for community healthcare providers, have yielded limited efficacy. The present study is situated within the context of CKD health education and screening for individuals, employing an innovative online survey experiment that incorporates diverse informational components. This research endeavors to elucidate the impact of various health education strategies on individuals' participation rates, specifically examining registrations and test kit acquisitions. The study utilizes a multifaceted approach, exploring the effects of different types of information dissemination, including health hazard awareness, time cost considerations, conformity information, and information avoidance behaviors. Furthermore, it investigates the differential effects of these health education strategies on high-risk CKD populations, with a particular focus on their engagement in CKD screening and long-term monitoring protocols.
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After
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China has reached a concerning level of 10.8%, presenting a significant public health challenge. Beyond its progression to end-stage renal disease, CKD substantially elevates the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and malignant neoplasms, consequently imposing a considerable burden on healthcare resources. Empirical evidence suggests that early detection and intervention in CKD management can efficaciously mitigate disease progression. However, the awareness of CKD in China remains strikingly low at 10.0%, particularly low among individuals with early-stage CKD. This underscores the imperative need for comprehensive public health education initiatives and early screening programs focused on kidney disease.
Preliminary investigations have demonstrated that conventional methodologies, such as poster campaigns and continuing education programs for community healthcare providers, have yielded limited efficacy. The present study is situated within the context of CKD health education and screening for individuals, employing an innovative online survey experiment that incorporates diverse informational components. This research endeavors to elucidate the impact of various health education strategies on individuals' participation rates, specifically examining registrations and test kit acquisitions. The study utilizes a multifaceted approach, exploring the effects of different types of information dissemination, including health hazard awareness, time cost considerations, conformity information, and information avoidance behaviors. Furthermore, it investigates the differential effects of these health education strategies on high-risk CKD populations, with a particular focus on their engagement in CKD screening and long-term monitoring protocols.
The requirement to collect participants' mailing addresses for test kit delivery introduces notable privacy concerns. This study attempts to quantify the effect of these concerns by analyzing participants' willingness to pay (WTP) in relation to the sequence of the address collection task. A distinct research objective involves comparing participants' WTP for themselves versus for others, which allows for an investigation into the differences between self-interested and pro-social decision-making contexts.
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Last Published
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Before
August 05, 2025 10:06 PM
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After
November 17, 2025 03:42 AM
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Intervention (Public)
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Before
The study will be implemented via an online platform, employing a survey experiment methodology. The information intervention protocol comprises five distinct groups, stratified as follows:
A control group, which will receive a neutral treatment consisting solely of a basic introduction to CKD, without additional interventional information.
A health hazard group, which will be exposed to emphatic representations of CKD-related dangers, utilizing striking visual imagery and vivid description.
A time cost group, which will be presented with information emphasizing the time investment required for seeking medical care.
A conformity group, which will be informed about the high participation rates of their peers, leveraging social proof as a motivational factor.
An information avoidance group, which will be educated on the potential perils associated with evading disease-related information.
Subsequent to the intervention, participants will be afforded the opportunity to opt for the mailing of a test kit to their residential address, with the expectation of completing the ensuing diagnostic procedure. The questions on willingness to accept and the willingness to pay will be answered by the individuals considering on themselves and other people in their life. these two pairs of questions will be asked in random order. This experimental design allows for a comprehensive assessment of the relative efficacy of each educational strategy in promoting proactive health behaviors related to CKD screening and monitoring.
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After
The study will be implemented via an online platform, employing a survey experiment methodology. The information intervention protocol comprises five distinct groups, stratified as follows:
A control group, which will receive a neutral treatment consisting solely of a basic introduction to CKD, without additional interventional information.
A health hazard group, which will be exposed to emphatic representations of CKD-related dangers, utilizing striking visual imagery and vivid description.
A time cost group, which will be presented with information emphasizing the time investment required for seeking medical care.
A conformity group, which will be informed about the high participation rates of their peers, leveraging social proof as a motivational factor.
An information avoidance group, which will be educated on the potential perils associated with evading disease-related information.
Subsequent to the intervention, participants will be afforded the opportunity to opt for the mailing of a test kit to their residential address, with the expectation of completing the ensuing diagnostic procedure. The questions on willingness to accept and the willingness to pay will be answered by the individuals considering on themselves and other people in their life. these two pairs of questions will be asked in random order. Also we design different order of the mailing address and willingness to pay after the willingness to accept question. This is essential to back out people's privacy concern on self address. This experimental design allows for a comprehensive assessment of the relative efficacy of each educational strategy in promoting proactive health behaviors related to CKD screening and monitoring. We can further compare the different privacy concern under specific information treatment.
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Planned Number of Clusters
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1000 individuals
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After
2000 individuals
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Planned Number of Observations
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1000 individuals
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After
2000 individuals
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Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
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Before
200 individuals in control, 200 individuals in health hazard group, 200 individuals in time cost group, 200 individuals in conformity group and 200 individuals in information avoidance group
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After
400 individuals in control, 400 individuals in health hazard group, 400 individuals in time cost group, 400 individuals in conformity group and 400 individuals in information avoidance group
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