Women's Economic Development and Empowerment at individual, household, and community levels

Last registered on June 25, 2024

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Women's Economic Development and Empowerment at individual, household, and community levels
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0013845
Initial registration date
June 18, 2024

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
June 25, 2024, 10:39 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

Region

Primary Investigator

Affiliation
BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD), BRAC University

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
University of East Anglia
PI Affiliation
University of East Anglia

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2016-04-16
End date
2025-12-31
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial is based on or builds upon one or more prior RCTs.
Abstract
We will evaluate the importance of women's economic development for their empowerment at the individual, household and community levels. For this purpose, we will evaluate a multifaceted programme which provides a conditional loan, free assets and training to ultra-poor women for their economic development. This programme helps women to engage in economic activities which might increase their empowerment at different levels. To test this hypothesis, we will estimate the impacts of this programme on women empowerment using a randomized control trial with three waves of surveys. A baseline and an endline surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2019, respectively and these surveys collected data on women empowerment, particularly, women's risk-aversion, patience, participation in intra-household decision-making, intimate partner violence (IPV), mental health and social inclusion. We will conduct another wave of endline survey, covering all indicators of empowerment from the previous surveys and on top of them, it will cover other indicators of empowerment, including the quality of the spousal relationship, spousal transfer, labor division between spouses, allocation of household resources, altruism and trust. These two rounds of endline surveys will also allow us to evaluate the short- and long-term impacts of women economic development on their empowerment. Moreover, we will examine potential mechanisms by investigating relevant mediating and moderating factors.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
D'Exelle, Ben, Atiya Rahman and Maria Isabel Santana. 2024. "Women's Economic Development and Empowerment at individual, household, and community levels ." AEA RCT Registry. June 25. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.13845-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
The main female member of the selected household (referred to as the beneficiary) received the support package. The components of the support package are as follows:
(i) Enterprise Development Training
(ii) Conditional loan
(iii) Free supporting assets or Input
(iv) Coaching
(v) Consumption Allowance
(vi) Health and Social Support
(vii) Savings Advice
(viii) Community Resource Mobilization
Intervention (Hidden)
Intervention Start Date
2016-06-01
Intervention End Date
2017-12-31

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Risk-seeking attitude and patience;
Women's intra-household decision-making preferences and participation in intra-household decision-making, quality of spousal relationship (including spousal communication), spousal transfer, husband's economic activities, labor division between spouses, IPV, allocation of household resources and women's mental health;
Social network (i.e., visiting people, having friends in community, casting vote, participating in village activities, transfers to the community etc.) and social preferences (i.e., altruism and trust
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
This research builds on a RCT, conducted by BIGD in 2016. Randomization was done at the branch office. The research covers 88 branch offices (66 treatment and 22 control branches) in 11 districts of Bangladesh. After their selection following a rigorous process, we completed a baseline survey in July 2016, covering 8,973 eligible households (1,931 control and 7,042 treatment).

The baseline survey collected detailed information from the main female member of the household on the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the household, including household composition, labor supply of each household member, occupation, income, assets, financial market participation, expenditures, food security, health outcomes, women's mental health (anxiety), women empowerment and women and children’s anthropometric data. This survey also collected data on IPV; however, with a limited set of questions, focusing on physical abuse and abuse for dowry. Since IPV in South Asia is often related to dowry disputes (Ambrus, Field and Torero, 2010), it included specific questions to capture this. Moreover, this survey collected data on risk (i.e., choosing lotteries) and time preferences (i.e., choosing between today's and future payoffs). Thereafter, BRAC implemented the intervention described above in the treatment branches until December 2017.

An endline survey (hereafter referred to as endline1) was conducted in January 2019, a year after the completion of the programme, in which all households in the control group and a random subsample of two-thirds of the households in the treatment group were re-interviewed. This resulted in 4,212 treated and 1,739 control households, with around 10% attrition in both treatment and control groups. The endline1 used the same modules as the baseline survey. In addition, it has an extended version of the IPV module, using five established indicators covering physical and emotional abuse.
Experimental Design Details
Randomization Method
BRAC selected the branch offices to implement the programme. Then, we randomly selected which branches would be treatment (i.e., where the programme would be implemented) using STATA.
Randomization Unit
Branch offices (i.e., the smallest rural geographical unit covering a radius of 6-7 km in Bangladesh.)
Was the treatment clustered?
Yes

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
88 branch offices
Sample size: planned number of observations
approximately 100 ultra-poor women
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
8,973 ultra-poor women
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
School of Global Development Research Ethics Subcommittee, the University of East Anglia
IRB Approval Date
2024-05-01
IRB Approval Number
ETH2324-1758
Analysis Plan

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Post-Trial

Post Trial Information

Study Withdrawal

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Intervention

Is the intervention completed?
No
Data Collection Complete
Data Publication

Data Publication

Is public data available?
No

Program Files

Program Files
Reports, Papers & Other Materials

Relevant Paper(s)

Reports & Other Materials