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Abstract
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Before
Skills mismatch, defined by the discrepancy between workers’ skills and job skill requirements, can have negative effects on workers’ income and career progression. Past research has studied its causes separately which include (i) workers not fully knowing their own skill levels; (ii) lacking of labour market information; (iii) lacking confidence and adherence to social norms. For example, female workers may perceive that a programmer is not a suitable job for women.
The project will study the role of these three factors and their interactions on skills mismatch using a randomised controlled trial (RCT). The RCT involves giving participants who are final-year college students in Thailand different treatments. The three main treatments are as follows: providing information on individual ability; providing information on labour markets; and promoting growth mindset in a job search process context. The project will collect panel data on actual labour market outcomes, subjective beliefs and individual characteristics then analyse mechanisms and consequences of skills mismatch.
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After
Skills mismatch, defined by the discrepancy between workers’ skills and job skill requirements, can have negative effects on workers’ income and career progression. Past research has studied its causes separately which include (i) workers not having complete information about their own skill levels and labour markets, and (ii) lacking confidence or adherence to social norms. For example, female workers may perceive that a programmer is not a suitable job for women.
The project will study the role of these factors and their interactions on skills mismatch using a randomised controlled trial (RCT). The RCT involves giving participants who are final-year college students in Thailand different treatments. The two main treatments are as follows: providing information on individual ability and labour markets; and promoting growth mindset in a job search process context. The project will collect panel data on actual labour market outcomes, subjective beliefs and individual characteristics then analyse mechanisms and consequences of skills mismatch.
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Last Published
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Before
July 19, 2024 05:59 AM
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After
February 07, 2025 12:46 PM
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Intervention (Public)
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Before
The project will use a randomised controlled trial (RCT) approach. The RCT involves giving participants who are final-year college students in Thailand different treatments. The three main treatments are as follows:
1. Providing individual ability: the intervention will evaluate skill levels using tests of quantitative, language (thai) and noncognitive skills. The test results will be presented to the participants in this treatment group. Each participant receives this result in private and individually.
2. Providing information on labour market: the intervention will use currently available data of the labour force survey. Each participant will receive personalised information about the returns and skill requirements of occupations they are interested in as well as broad information of the current labor market environment.
3. Promoting Growth Mindset: the intervention will produce video media that provide training of a growth mindset in a job search process context. All participants in this treatment will receive the same video.
Treatments are randomized at the individual level. This experiment has 8 experimental groups: 7 treatment groups (G1-G7) and 1 control group (G8).
We target fourth-year (final-year) college students in general majors such as arts and humanities. The age range is based on the ages of final-year college students in Thailand.
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After
The project will use a randomised controlled trial (RCT) approach. The RCT involves giving participants who are final-year college students in Thailand different treatments. The two main treatments are as follows:
1. Providing skill and labour market information: the intervention will evaluate skill levels using standardised tests of maths, language (thai) and noncognitive skills. Each participant will receive their test results. In addition, they will receive personalised information on the returns and skill requirements of occupations they are interested.
2. Promoting Growth Mindset: the intervention will involve participants taking an online course showing role models and other trainings that promotes growth mindset in a job search context. Participants will receive the same video.
Treatments are randomized at the individual level. This experiment has 4 experimental groups: 3 treatment groups for treatment 1, treatment 2 and the interaction and the control group.
We target fourth-year (final-year) college students in general majors such as arts and humanities. The intervention will take place before students entering the labour markets. We will then follow these individuals over the course of four yeas.
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Intervention Start Date
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August 01, 2024
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March 03, 2025
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Experimental Design (Public)
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Before
The target population are fourth-year (final-year) undergraduate students in universities in Bangkok and surrounding areas. The sample includes students in faculties and fields that are not considered specialized in terms of occupations, such as humanities, economics, business administration, science, and engineering. We exclude specialised majors such as medicine, dentistry, and law. Approximately, the number of students taking part in the first survey is 5,500 people.
There are 8 groups of programs that voluntary participants. The assignment of participants into each group is conducted on the basis of randomisation. Each group will take part in each different program’s curriculum and activities.
The randomisation is conducted at the individual level.
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After
The target population are fourth-year (final-year) undergraduate students in universities in Thailand. The sample includes students in fields that are not considered specialized in terms of occupations, such as humanities, economics, business administration, science, and engineering. We exclude specialised majors such as medicine and dentistry. Approximately, the number of students taking part in the first survey is 5,500 people.
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Randomization Method
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Before
Randomisation is done by a computer after the invited participants will have agreed (and have seen the information sheet and the consent form) to continue taking part in the baseline survey in the first meeting.
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After
Randomisation is done by a computer after the invited participants have agreed (and have seen the information sheet and the consent form) to take part in the baseline survey in the first meeting.
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Randomization Unit
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Before
The randomisation is conducted at the individual level.
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After
The randomisation is done at the individual level.
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Planned Number of Clusters
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Before
There is no cluster. However, we start by randomly selecting the targetting universities/higher institutions from the full population of higher institutions in and around Bangkok Metropolitan. The randomisation is stratified by the type of the institutions (competitive and non-competitive).
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After
There is no cluster.
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Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
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Before
688 students in the baseline.
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1,375 students in the baseline.
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Power calculation: Minimum Detectable Effect Size for Main Outcomes
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Before
The sample size is based on statistical calculation. Given that the randomization unit for this experiment is at the individual level, if we aim to test the hypothesis at the significance level 0.05, with an effect size of approximately 0.20 SD, the size of sample in each experimental group with statistical power is approximately 0.80 is approximately 400 people. That means the overall sample size should be approximately 3,200 people at the end of the project. We anticipate that there will be approximately 10 percent of the sample attrition annually. Therefore, the size of sample students in the first survey should be approximately 5,500 people so that in the final year (the next 5 years) there will still be about 3,200 people in the final round.
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After
Given that the randomization unit for this experiment is at the individual level, Assuming a 5% significance level, and power of 0.8, the size of the required sample in each experimental group is approximately 400 people per treatment arm. We anticipate that there will be approximately 20 percent of the sample attrition annually. Therefore, the size of sample students in the first survey should be approximately 5,500 people so that in the final year (the next 5 years) there will still be at least 1,600 people in the final round.
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Intervention (Hidden)
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Before
The project will use a randomised controlled trial (RCT) approach. The RCT involves giving participants who are final-year college students in Thailand different treatments. The three main treatments are as follows:
1. Providing individual ability: the intervention will evaluate skill levels using tests of quantitative, language (thai) and noncognitive skills. The test results will be presented to the participants in this treatment group. Each participant receives this result in private and individually.
2. Providing information on labour market: the intervention will use currently available data of the labour force survey. Each participant will receive personalised information about the returns and skill requirements of occupations they are interested in as well as broad information of the current labor market environment.
3. Promoting Growth Mindset: the intervention will produce video media that provide training of a growth mindset in a job search process context. All participants in this treatment will receive the same video.
Treatments are randomized at the individual level. This experiment has 8 experimental groups: 7 treatment groups (G1-G7) and 1 control group (G8).
Target group:
We target fourth-year (final-year) college students in general majors such as arts and humanities. The age range is based on the ages of final-year college students in Thailand. The selection of participants to take part in this research is determined by their current year of study in their undergraduate degree, the location of their institution, and the type of their major and institution.
The target population are fourth-year (final-year) undergraduate students in universities in Bangkok and surrounding areas. The sample includes students in faculties and fields that are not considered specialized in terms of occupations, such as humanities, economics, business administration, science, and engineering. We exclude specialised majors such as medicine, dentistry, and law. Approximately, the number of students taking part in the first survey is 5,500 people.
There are 8 groups of programs that voluntary participants. The assignment of participants into each group is conducted on the basis of randomisation. Each group will take part in each different program’s curriculum and activities.
Baseline Data Collection:
Participants will be asked to take three tests on Math, Thai and non-cognitive skills. This will be conducted on a paper-based format, and it should not take more than 45 minutes altogether.
The second part involves doing an online-based survey on Qualtrics platform that should take about 40 minutes. The questionnaire will include questions on their basic information and family’s background. It will also ask for their views and beliefs regarding labour market conditions and how they perceive they own skills. In total, the activity in this first round will take approximately 2 hours. Participants will be compensated for (i) the time during their participation and (ii) the completion of their responses to the survey.
Follow-up activities:
The second to the fifth rounds of surveys will be sent to recruited participants every 6 months where each survey should take about 15 minutes. We will contact them via email or LINE messages. They will be asked to take part in an online-based survey (with Qualtrics). This is a short version of the questionnaire from the first-round activity. Additional questions will include their current labour market activities (for example, your current jobs, and job search activities, income), various beliefs about the labour markets, and beliefs regarding own skills.
In total, the activity in each subsequent round will take approximately 15 minutes. Participants will also be compensated for (i) the time during your participation and (ii) the completion of their responses to the survey.
Intervention Details:
[This part is specifically to Groups 1, 5, 6, 7] Receiving information on own ability.
From the skill assessments that they undertake in the first-round activity, they will receive an information sheet that shows the evaluation of your performances. The information will be sent to them via an online application. It is private and personalised.
[This part is specifically to Groups 2, 4, 6, 7] Receiving labour market information.
Based on the interested occupations that they indicate in the first-round questionnaire, they will receive personalised information about these occupations. In addition, they will also receive information about the current labour market environment in a boarder context, based on the current data of the market. The information will be sent to you via an online application. It is private and personalised.
[This part is specifically to Groups 3, 4, 5, 7] Receiving an online curriculum on growth mindset in the context of job search process.
They will be invited to access an online learning platform, without costs. The course provided is conducted via video media that provides the concept and training of a growth mindset. All participants in this program will receive the same video and can watch this from their mobile/computer/iPad at their own time and pace. The total duration of the course will last approximately 3 hours. However, each video will take approximately 15 minutes to complete, and participants can log back in anytime.
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After
The project will use a randomised controlled trial (RCT) approach. The RCT involves giving participants who are final-year college students in Thailand different treatments. The two main treatments are as follows:
1. Providing skill and labour market information: the intervention will evaluate skill levels using tests of quantitative, language (thai) and noncognitive skills. Each participant will receive their test results. In addition, they will receive personalised information on the returns and skill requirements of occupations which they are interested.
2. Promoting Growth Mindset: the intervention will produce an online course showing role models and other trainings that promotes growth mindset in a job search context. Participants will receive the same video which can be watched from their mobile/computer/iPad at their own time and pace. The total duration of the course will last approximately 2 hours. However, each video will take approximately 5-15 minutes and participants can log back in anytime.
Treatments are randomized at the individual level. This experiment has 4 experimental groups: 3 treatment groups for treatment 1 and 2 and the interaction and the control group.
Target group:
We target fourth-year (final-year) college students in general majors such as arts and humanities. The age range is based on the ages of final-year college students in Thailand. The selection of participants to take part in this research is determined by their current year of study in their undergraduate degree, the location of their institution, and the type of their major of study.
Baseline Data Collection:
Participants will be asked to take tests on math, Thai and non-cognitive skills. This will be conducted on a paper-based format, and it does not take more than 45 minutes altogether.
The second part involves doing an online-based survey on Qualtrics platform that should take about 20 minutes. The questionnaire will include questions on their basic information and family’s background. It will also elicit beliefs about participant's skills and labour market conditions. In total, the activity in this first round will take approximately one hour. Participants will be compensated for their time up on completing the survey.
Follow-up activities:
The second to the fifth rounds of surveys will be sent to recruited participants every 6 months where each survey should take about 10-15 minutes. We will contact them via email or LINE messages. They will be asked to take part in an online survey. We will track their labour market outcomes, various beliefs about the labour markets, and beliefs regarding own skills.
In total, the activity in each subsequent round will take approximately 10-15 minutes. Participants will be compensated for their time up on completing the survey.
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