Women's occupational choice: Impact of family, peers, and role models

Last registered on August 06, 2024

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Women's occupational choice: Impact of family, peers, and role models
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0014111
Initial registration date
August 05, 2024

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
August 06, 2024, 4:06 PM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
Ashoka University

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
Ashoka University

Additional Trial Information

Status
On going
Start date
2024-01-03
End date
2025-12-31
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
Female labour force participation in India is among the lowest in the world. Women are significantly less likely to enter paid employment than men, and when they do, they tend to enter low-return occupations that are considered appropriate for women. Constraints on occupational choice include the attitudes of family members and peers, as well a lack of role models in non-traditional occupations. In this project, we aim to test the impact of these different constraints on the enrolment of women in vocational training programmes, and their subsequent entry into paid employment, as well as occupational choice. In one intervention, we randomly provide women and their family members with exposure to role models, who are young women from a similar geographic and socioeconomic background who have successfully completed training and started careers in high-return occupations. In another intervention, we additionally create a social setting where women and their families can interact with others like them, which can encourage them to successfully take on perceived social norms against entering non-traditional occupations. We measure the impact of these interventions on take-up of training, entry into high-return occupations, entry into paid employment, whether women migrate for work, as well as gender attitudes and beliefs about support for women’s work.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Deshpande, Ashwini and Anisha Sharma. 2024. "Women's occupational choice: Impact of family, peers, and role models." AEA RCT Registry. August 06. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.14111-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
All women in the study were visited by mobilisers who gave them information about vocational training opportunities with our partner organisation, and opportunities for paid work across 5 different sectors: beauty, sewing, healthcare, hospitality and automotives.

In one treatment arm, women and their family members were additionally shown a video by the mobilisers that featured four "role models", who were women from the same area who had completed vocational training in either healthcare or hospitality, and had gone on to begin successful careers. This video was shown to them on smart phones while they were being visited by mobilisers at their houses. At least one family member in a decison-making role (i.e. father, older brother, mother, husband, father-in-law or mother-in-law) was required to watch the video along with the main respondent. This is the role model intervention.

In the second treatment arm, women also received an invitation to attend an "open day event" along with other families in their area. They could bring along two other people with them and were encouraged to bring family members in decision-making roles. At the open day event, they were shown the same role model video, and they also got a chance to interact with one another and discuss any concerns they had about vocational training and employment. The event was around 90 minutes long and ended with lunch. Women and their family members received a travel subsidy to travel to and from their homes to the event (of Rs 150 or U$1.8 per person). This is the open day intervention.
Intervention Start Date
2024-01-29
Intervention End Date
2024-05-15

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)

Primary outcomes include interest in vocational training, enrolment in vocational training, choice of sector of vocational training, entry into paid employment, employment status 6 and 12 months after intervention, and whether the respondent has migrated for employment.
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
To identify the mechanisms through which the intervention may affect enrolment in vocational training, employment and occupational choice, we will study the following sets of outcomes:

1) Gender attitudes of female respondents and a family member;
2) Perceptions of social support for women's work and specific occupational choices;
3) Increase in social networks as a result of the intervention;
4) Salience of intervention materials (i.e. how well the respondent remembers details about specific role models about whom they have been given information).
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
We first completed a listing exercise where we listed eligible households in 126 villages across 8 blocks. Eligible households were those with at least one woman between the ages of 18-25 years, who did not, at the time of listing, have any children. Eligible women also needed to have completed at least up until Grade 10 of schooling, as this was a necessary requirement to enrol in the vocational training programmes offered by our partner organisation. We dropped those villages which did not have at least 15 eligible households.

2100 eligible households were randomly selected from the remaining eligible households. In those houses with more than one eligible woman, one woman was selected as the primary respondent.

These 2100 households were randomly allocated into one of control (C), treatment 1 (T1) or treatment 2 (T2) arms.

All women in the study were visited by mobilisers who gave them information about vocational training opportunities with our partner organisation, and opportunities for paid work across 5 different sectors: beauty, sewing, healthcare, hospitality and automotives.

Women in the first treatment arm (T1), and their family members, received the role model intervention.

Women in the second treatment arm (T2), and up to two family members, received the open day intervention.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
2100 households were randomised into one of the 3 study arms: control, treatment 1 and treatment 2. This was done on a computer.
Randomization Unit
Randomization unit is the household. One eligible woman per household is randomly selected for inclusion in the study.
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
2100 households
Sample size: planned number of observations
2100 households with one woman as a primary respondent per household. Additionally, one family member per household is also surveyed.
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
700 households in each of the control group and two treatment arms.
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Ashoka University
IRB Approval Date
2023-06-06
IRB Approval Number
23-E-10054-Sharma