Primary Outcomes (end points)
Welfare chauvinistic attitudes - this will be modeled as an interval variable and also as a definite (binary: yes/no welfare chauvinism) and as three-level categorization: no wc, conditional wc and unconditional wc. Moreover, when examining what drives wc attitudes, we will use the four--level categorization: no wc, economic in-group wc, cultural ingroup wc, unconditional wc.
We measure welfare chauvisnism with the following very specific measure:
In your view, at which point do immigrants of any origin deserve access to Universal Credit which is comparable with that received by natives or UK-born citizens of the UK?
"Immediately after they arrive",
"As soon as they start paying taxes",
"After they have worked and paid taxes for at least a year",
"Once they have the settled status",
"Once they became UK citizens",
"Never",