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Abstract
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Before
Mindfulness-Based Programs (MBPs), rooted in contemplative practices, have emerged as promising interventions for promoting mental well-being and resilience. Unfortunately, few if any large-scale studies have assessed the efficacy of MBPs for university students in China, a population with a high prevalence of mental health issues. The primary goal of this pilot study is to evaluate the impact of an eight-week mindfulness-based program specifically tailored for university students compared to a control group that will receive an educational intervention unrelated to mindfulness. We will investigate the effects on mental illness symptoms, stress, student inner resources such as mindfulness, emotion regulation skills, and other indicators of well-being such as sleep quality and and academic performance. The study design will be a two-arm randomized controlled trial with undergraduate students at two universities in China.
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After
Mindfulness-Based Programs (MBPs), rooted in contemplative practices, have emerged as promising interventions for promoting mental well-being and resilience. Unfortunately, few if any large-scale studies have assessed the efficacy of MBPs for university students in China, a population with a high prevalence of mental health issues. The primary goal of this pilot study is to evaluate the impact of an eight-week mindfulness-based program specifically tailored for university students compared to a waitlist control group. We will investigate the effects on mental illness symptoms, stress, student inner resources such as mindfulness, emotion regulation skills, and other indicators of well-being such as sleep quality and and academic performance. The study design will be a two-arm randomized controlled trial with undergraduate students at two universities in China.
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Trial Start Date
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Before
March 10, 2025
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After
March 17, 2025
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Last Published
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Before
February 01, 2025 03:50 PM
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After
March 19, 2025 04:08 PM
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Experimental Design (Public)
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Before
We will conduct a pilot study with university students recruited online and offline from universities in China. Using the RCT method of impact evaluation, we will be able to ensure that the intervention and control groups have similar characteristics at baseline. By assuring the similarity of characteristics (such as baseline mental health, sex, etc.) between the treatment and control groups at baseline, we can confidently attribute any significant differences in outcomes between control and intervention groups to the program.
In this pilot study, 112 students will be randomly allocated into two experimental arms (in-person MBP and a pure control). Using STATA 16 software (https://www.stata.com/), with 80% power, and a significance level of 0.05, we determined that a sample size of 51 students per arm was required to detect a difference of 0.5 standard deviations in outcome measures. Our recruitment of 56 students per arm (112 in total) allows for 10% attrition.
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After
We will conduct a pilot study with university students recruited online and offline from two universities in China. Using the RCT method of impact evaluation, we will be able to ensure that the intervention group and waitlist control group have similar characteristics at baseline. By assuring the similarity of characteristics (such as baseline mental health, sex, etc.) between the treatment and control groups at baseline, we can confidently attribute any significant differences in outcomes between control and intervention groups to the program.
In this pilot study, 112 students will be randomly allocated into two experimental arms (in-person MBP and a pure control). Using STATA 16 software (https://www.stata.com/), with 80% power, and a significance level of 0.05, we determined that a sample size of 51 students per arm was required to detect a difference of 0.5 standard deviations in outcome measures. Our recruitment of 56 students per arm (112 in total) allows for 10% attrition.
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Secondary Outcomes (End Points)
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Before
emotion regulation, trait and state mindfulness, coping styles, self-compassion, purpose, loneliness, parent attachment, smartphone addiction, positive and negative affect, perceived healthy diet, sleep quality, flourishing, neuroticism, somatic symptoms, academic performance, procrastination, face saving, lifestyle behaviors, career plans and outcome
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After
emotion regulation, trait and state mindfulness, coping styles, self-compassion, gratitude, purpose, loneliness, parent attachment, smartphone addiction, positive and negative affect, perceived healthy diet, sleep quality, flourishing, neuroticism, somatic symptoms, academic performance, procrastination, face saving, stress mindset, stress management approaches, lifestyle behaviors
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Secondary Outcomes (Explanation)
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Before
Emotion regulation: Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Trait and state mindfulness: Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form, Multidimensional State Mindfulness Questionnaire
Coping styles: Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Coping Strategies Scale
Self-compassion: Self-Compassion Scale
Purpose: Claremont Purpose Scale
Loneliness: UCLA Loneliness Scale
Parent attachment: Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment
Smartphone addiction: Smartphone Addiction Scale
Affect: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule short form
Perceived healthy diet: Perceived Healthy Diet Scale
Sleep quality: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory
Flourishing: Flourishing Scale
Neuroticism: Big Five Personality Inventory (neuroticism subscale)
Somatic symptoms: Somatic Symptom Scale
Academic performance: GPA
Procrastination: Short General Procrastination Scale
Face saving: Face Saving Scale
Lifestyle behaviors: items about daily habits
Career outcomes: items about future carer goals and outcome after graduation
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After
Emotion regulation: Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Trait and state mindfulness: Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form, Multidimensional State Mindfulness Questionnaire
Coping styles: Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire
Self-compassion: Self-Compassion Scale
Gratitude: 5-item Gratitude Questionnaire
Purpose: Claremont Purpose Scale, open-ended questions
Loneliness: UCLA Loneliness Scale
Parent attachment: Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment
Smartphone addiction: Smartphone Addiction Scale
Affect: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule short form
Perceived healthy diet: Perceived Healthy Diet Scale
Sleep quality: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory
Flourishing: Flourishing Scale
Neuroticism: Big Five Personality Inventory (neuroticism subscale)
Somatic symptoms: Somatic Symptom Scale
Academic performance: GPA
Procrastination: Short General Procrastination Scale
Face saving: Face Saving Scale
Stress mindset: Stress Mindset Scale
Stress management: open-ended question
Lifestyle behaviors: items about daily habits like phone use and exercise
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