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Field
Trial Start Date
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Before
February 15, 2025
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After
February 20, 2025
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Field
Last Published
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Before
January 27, 2025 10:43 AM
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After
February 18, 2025 11:21 AM
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Field
Intervention Start Date
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Before
February 15, 2025
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After
February 20, 2025
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Field
Primary Outcomes (End Points)
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Before
Reported performance
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After
Performance
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Field
Primary Outcomes (Explanation)
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Before
Reported performance = the number of decoded letters the participants report
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After
Performance = the number of letters the participants decode
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Field
Randomization Method
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Before
Participants are randomly assigned to one of four conditions, based on the session they attend.
The sessions were randomly assigned to the four conditions before the start of the first trial using a computer.
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After
Each participant is randomly assigned to one of four conditions at the beginning of his/her session.
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Field
Randomization Unit
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Before
experimental sessions (groups of 8)
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After
Individual
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Field
Was the treatment clustered?
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Before
Yes
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After
No
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Field
Planned Number of Clusters
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Before
24 experimental sessions
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After
200 participants (no clusters)
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Field
Planned Number of Observations
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Before
192 participants
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After
200 participants
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Field
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
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Before
48 participants per experimental condition
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After
50
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Field
Intervention (Hidden)
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Before
1) In the ranking only condition, before the start of the experiment, participants will be made aware that the number of decoded letters each participant reports, will be displayed in a public ranking at the end of each round. After each round, participants will be asked to report the number of decoded letters to the instructor. The instructor will then display a sorted public ranking on a large screen with the ranking position, name, and score of each participant.
2) In the immersion only condition, before the start of the experiment, participants will select an avatar from 40 pre-configured portrait busts. The avatar of each participant will then be prominently visible for the respective participant during the entire experiment. Also before the start of the experiment, participants will receive a text with a narrative and complementary pictures to frame the task in the experiment. During the break, participants will be asked to note the number of decoded letters in a table next to their avatar. The table will not be visible to other participants. Also during the breaks, participants will receive short texts with complementary pictures that continue the narrative.
3) In the ranking and immersion condition, participants will select their avatars, receive the narrative and their performance will be displayed in the public ranking. Contrary to the immersion only condition, participants’ avatars will also be displayed next to their score and name on the public ranking.
4) In the control condition no ranking and no immersion game elements will be used. During the break, participants will be asked to note the number of decoded letters in a table on their desk.
To ensure comparability, the duration of the introduction and breaks will be kept constant across conditions.
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After
1) In the ranking only condition, before the start of the experiment, participants will be made aware that the number of letters they decode in the task will be displayed in a ranking at the end of each round against scores of their peers.
2) In the immersion only condition, before the start of the experiment, participants will be made aware that they are playing a story. They will then select an avatar for this story from 40 pre-configured portrait busts. The avatar of each participant will be prominently visible to the participant throughout the experiment. Also before the start of the experiment, participants will receive a text with a narrative and complementary pictures to frame the task in the experiment. During the breaks, participants will receive short texts with complementary pictures that continue the narrative. Instead of the ranking, participants receive a waiting screen.
3) In the ranking and immersion condition, participants will be made aware of the ranking and that they play a story. Thus, they will select their avatar, receive the narrative and at the end of each round, their performance will be displayed in a ranking against scores of their peers.
4) In the control condition no ranking and no immersion game elements will be used. Instead of the ranking, participants receive a waiting screen.
To ensure comparability, the duration of the introduction and breaks will be kept constant across conditions.
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Field
Pi as first author
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Before
No
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After
Yes
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