Wage Signaling in Online Freelancing Markets

Last registered on August 08, 2025

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Wage Signaling in Online Freelancing Markets
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0015840
Initial registration date
April 17, 2025

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
April 22, 2025, 12:13 PM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Last updated
August 08, 2025, 12:37 PM EDT

Last updated is the most recent time when changes to the trial's registration were published.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
University of Chicago

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
Lahore School of Economics
PI Affiliation
Lahore School of Economics

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2025-04-21
End date
2026-09-30
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
The rise of online freelancing platforms offers a promising avenue to reduce youth unemployment in low- and lower-middle-income countries by addressing typical constraints such as limited job opportunities, high search costs, and information frictions. Yet, unemployment remains high in these markets, particularly among inexperienced workers. While economic theory suggests that inexperienced workers can bid down wages to clear the market, wage undercutting is rare. This project explores the hypothesis that freelancers may choose not to engage in undercutting because proposed wages act as signals of unobserved quality. To understand wage-setting in online labor markets, we combine two RCTs to answer: 1) how signaling concerns and uncertainty about own skills affect wage-setting decisions of inexperienced online freelancers; and 2) how employers’ demand and beliefs about worker quality respond to wage undercutting.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Ahmed, Hamna, Zunia Saif Tirmazee and Ruoxuan Wu. 2025. "Wage Signaling in Online Freelancing Markets." AEA RCT Registry. August 08. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.15840-2.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
Intervention Start Date
2025-04-21
Intervention End Date
2025-12-31

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Worker-side: proposed wages, actual performance, beliefs about own performance.

Employer-side: response to job applications (interview request, job offers, etc.)
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Worker-side: decisions to apply for jobs/accept job offers, other application characteristics.
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Worker experiment: We measure the performance of inexperienced workers and refer them to a job opportunity. We randomly vary workers' signaling concerns and information about own ability in the job referral message.

Employer experiment: We take an audit study approach to measure consumer demand. We send applications to real online jobs and randomly vary the experience level of the worker profile and the proposed wages.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Randomization done in office by a computer.
Randomization Unit
Worker experiment: worker level.

Employer experiment: application level.
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
n/a
Sample size: planned number of observations
Worker experiment: 400-500 individuals Employer experiment: 2000-3000 applications to 500-750 jobs
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
Worker experiment: evenly split among 4 treatment arms.

Employer experiment: evenly split among 4 treatment arms.
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
University of Chicago
IRB Approval Date
2023-11-15
IRB Approval Number
IRB23-1722