The Staging Effect during House Sales

Last registered on July 28, 2025

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
The Staging Effect during House Sales
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0016398
Initial registration date
July 23, 2025

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
July 28, 2025, 9:11 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
University of Arkansas

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
PI Affiliation
PI Affiliation

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2025-07-22
End date
2027-06-30
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
A home purchase is arguably the most important consumption decision for an average household in the United States. Increasingly, homes for sale are staged with furniture to help potential buyers imagine living in the house during in-person visits and online browsing. Since buyers do not acquire any of the staged furniture upon purchasing the home, classical economic theories predict that the home sale prices should not be affected by whether a home is staged or not. We test this conjecture by applying a machine learning algorithm to a unique empirical dataset combined between ZTRAX data and hand-collected data from another major house listing service. We find that houses with furniture sell 10% higher than those of similar quality but without furniture. This price premium is not explained by observable house characteristics, location, school districts, or the market conditions during transactions in our cross-sectional analyses. To complement the empirical study and further investigate the factors that could explain the price difference, we design and conduct an online experiment on Prolific to understand potential economic and behavioral mechanisms that may contribute to the higher valuations of furnished homes.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Bhattacharya, Puja et al. 2025. "The Staging Effect during House Sales." AEA RCT Registry. July 28. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.16398-1.0
Sponsors & Partners

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Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
Intervention Start Date
2025-07-22
Intervention End Date
2027-04-30

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
We have four outcome variables -
1. The willingness-to-pay for homes reported by participants
2. Participants' beliefs about the final selling price of the homes
3. Participants' beliefs about the number of days a home was on the market
4. Participants' preference over homes
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
1. Participants’ estimates of the room’s dimensions;
2. Their perceptions about the homes.
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Our design is a randomized intervention embedded within a survey. Eligibility to participate in the survey includes: participant being between 25 and 75 years old, residing in the US, and personal income above $40,000. Participants are recruited through Prolific.

The experiment consists of three parts.

In Part 1, participants are shown images of three randomly selected homes that were listed for sale in the US (from a set of eight homes) with within-subject variation in the staging status of the homes - home is without furniture and decor (T1), home is with furniture but no decor (T2), and home is with furniture and decor (T3). Participants see five images for each home - the exterior, the kitchen, the living, dining and master bedroom. The latter three images of the homes are subject to the treatment variation. For each home, participants report their hypothetical willingness-to-pay, and also answer some questions about their perceptions of these homes.

In Part 2A, the participants are shown the same three homes as in Part 1, and guess the selling price and days on the market for each home. Their response is incentivized by rewarding them for an accurate prediction.

In Part 2B, all participants are randomly shown one version, either furnished or unfurnished, of the same bedroom from a home they have not seen in earlier parts of the experiment. Their task is to estimate the room’s dimensions (width and length). Accurate guesses are incentivized through a reward system.

In Part 3, the participants are shown two new homes, and have to hypothetically select one home they wish to live in. Participants are assigned randomly to one of three treatment arms - both homes are without furniture and decor (B1), the left home is without furniture and decor while the right home is with furniture and decor (B2), the left home is with furniture and decor while the right home is without furniture and decor (B3). When shown with furnishings, the two homes use the same set of furniture and decor.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Randomization done in Qualtrics
Randomization Unit
Individual participant
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
1500 participants
Sample size: planned number of observations
1500 participants
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
1500 total participants. Randomization done in Part 1, Part 2A, and Part 3.

Parts 1 and 2A: within-subject intervention (1500 in T1, 1500 in T2, 1500 in T3)
Part 3: between-subject intervention (500 in B1, 500 in B2, 500 in B3)
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
University of Arkansas Institutional Review Board
IRB Approval Date
2024-06-20
IRB Approval Number
2405543087