Gender Differences in Employer Provided Training: The Role of Training Initiation, Course Content, Work Arrangements, and Care Obligations

Last registered on July 28, 2025

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Gender Differences in Employer Provided Training: The Role of Training Initiation, Course Content, Work Arrangements, and Care Obligations
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0016440
Initial registration date
July 23, 2025

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
July 28, 2025, 9:09 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

Region

Primary Investigator

Affiliation
University of Potsdam

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB)
PI Affiliation
Institute for Employment Research (IAB)
PI Affiliation
Institute for Employment Research (IAB)
PI Affiliation
University of Potsdam

Additional Trial Information

Status
On going
Start date
2025-07-10
End date
2027-09-30
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
The ongoing transformation of the labour market driven by demographic and technological changes, has a significant impact on both labour supply and skill demand, which may eventually result in a skills mismatch. One way to adjust to this is to continuously invest in human capital throughout one’s working life, a concept that is promoted by policymakers across all over Europe, including in Germany. However, before designing effective programs, it is important to understand how on-the-job training investment decisions are formed.

The aim of this project is to improve our understanding of how training decisions are made in German establishments. To this end, we develop hypotheses on previously untested but potentially relevant factors that influence managers’ training decisions.

To address the lack of exogenous variation in human capital measures in observational data, we have designed a conjoint survey experiment that introduces random variation in the characteristics of potential training candidates and training content. Decision-makers in German establishments then evaluate these randomly generated candidate profiles. The conjoint survey experiment is anchored in the IAB Linked-Personnel-Panel, which allows us to link establishment information from the IAB Establishment Panel (information on the IAB Establishment Panel: https://fdz.iab.de/en/betriebsdaten/iab-establishment-panel-iab-bp-version-9323-v1/). For establishment that agree to data linkage, about 90% do, we have the possibility to link the survey to administrative information on employees and establishments. We randomly vary the gender, age, working time arrangements and caring responsibilities of the prospective training candidates. We further vary the primary aim of the training (either catching up on skills to perform the current job or learning additional skills for career development) and the primary initiator of the training (either the firm or the employee). We hypothesize that the latter four attributes (working time arrangements, caring responsibilities, skill content and primary initiator) are particularly important in influencing firms’ training choices and also contribute to explaining gender differences in training participation.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Caliendo, Marco et al. 2025. "Gender Differences in Employer Provided Training: The Role of Training Initiation, Course Content, Work Arrangements, and Care Obligations ." AEA RCT Registry. July 28. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.16440-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
A conjoint survey experiment (choice experiment) as detailed below.
Intervention Start Date
2025-07-10
Intervention End Date
2026-09-30

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Our first primary outcome is the binary choice regarding which of two hypothetical applicants a human resource manager would prefer for a training position. Our second primary outcome is the firms’ expected benefit in terms of increased productivity for each applicant, based on their presented profiles.
Primary Outcomes (explanation)
The two hypothetical applicants in each choice are characterized by six different features that describe the sociodemographic background, the working- and caring-time arrangement and the type of training (primary purpose and initiation), see below.

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Effect-heterogeneity concerning decision makers’ characteristics (role in their own company, whether this person answered also the last survey a year ago, age, gender, and firm characteristics (size, region, industry)).
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Within the IAB Linked-Personnel-Panel – a subsample of the IAB Establishment Panel – we implement a module with survey questions and an experimental design. The IAB Linked-Personnel-Panel has ample information on the firm, on training and HR practices and on industry and work characteristics. To this established survey, we add questions on the decision maker’s characteristics as well as a conjoint survey experiment. The respondents are decision makers in a representative sample of German establishments from the private sector.

More details are available in the hidden part.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Randomization is carried out by a computer-based randomization.
Randomization Unit
Individual
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
-
Sample size: planned number of observations
Approx. 1,300 individuals resulting in 6,000 choices
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
-
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
-
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
IRB Approval Date
IRB Approval Number