Impact of Digital Payment Literacy on Business Performance and Households Welfare: Evidence from Women-owned SMEs in Khulna, Bangladesh.

Last registered on December 01, 2025

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Impact of Digital Payment Literacy on Business Performance and Households Welfare: Evidence from Women-owned SMEs in Khulna, Bangladesh.
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0016488
Initial registration date
November 28, 2025

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
December 01, 2025, 11:35 AM EST

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
Hiroshima University

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
Hiroshima University
PI Affiliation
Kwansei Gakuin University

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2025-11-26
End date
2026-06-06
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
Women-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in improving family well-being and supporting economic growth in Bangladesh. However, many women entrepreneurs still face challenges such as limited access to finance, low digital skills, and social barriers. As digital financial services—like mobile and online payments—become more common, they may offer new opportunities for women to manage their businesses more efficiently. Yet, there is limited causal evidence showing whether learning to use digital payments can actually improve women’s business and household outcomes. This study tests whether providing digital payment literacy training can help women entrepreneurs in the Khulna region. A total of 321 women SME owners who currently do not use digital payment platforms will participate. Among them, 165 women will be randomly selected to receive training on how to make, receive, and transfer digital payments, as well as how to use these tools safely. The remaining 156 will not receive training. The study will then compare the two groups to see whether the training increases knowledge and adoption of digital payments. We will conduct follow-up surveys every two months to measure changes in business performance—such as monthly sales, profits, and digital transactions—as well as household welfare and women’s decision-making power. The study will estimate the direct impact of the training, and in cases where some participants do not follow the training as expected, additional analyses will be used. The results will provide strong evidence on whether digital payment literacy can support women’s economic empowerment and help shape policies to expand digital financial inclusion in Bangladesh.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Aktar, Sonia, Ghulam Dastgir Khan and Yuichiro Yoshida. 2025. "Impact of Digital Payment Literacy on Business Performance and Households Welfare: Evidence from Women-owned SMEs in Khulna, Bangladesh. ." AEA RCT Registry. December 01. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.16488-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
Digital Payment literacy training aims at teaching how to make digital payments, how to receive digital payments, how to transfer money digitally, and how to maintain safety in digital payments.
Intervention Start Date
2025-12-06
Intervention End Date
2025-12-07

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Sales, profit, Digital payment inflows, Digital payment outflows, and decision-making power.
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

1. Monthly Sales
2. Monthly Profit
3. Amount of digital payments sent
4. Amount of digital payments received
5. Decision Making Power
a) Does the husband take her woman entrepreneur's) opinion during financial decisions?
b) Does the husband respect her in any decision-making process?

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
We employ a Randomized Control Trial (RCT), in which digital payment literacy will act as an intervention to enhance the knowledge of digital payments. 321 women entrepreneurs will be conveniently sampled. Then, 165 women entrepreneurs will be randomly assigned to receive digital payment literacy training, while 156 women entrepreneurs will not receive any digital payment literacy training. The training aims at teaching how to make digital payments, how to receive digital payments, how to transfer money digitally, and how to maintain safety in digital payments. This study will estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) of digital payment literacy. The primary outcome variables include Sales, profit, digital payment inflows, digital payment outflows and the decision-making indicators of women entrepreneurs.

Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Randomization done by STATA,
Randomization Unit
Women Entrepreneurs
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
Not applicable
Sample size: planned number of observations
321 Women Entrepreneur
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
165 women entrepreneurs will be randomly assigned to receive digital payment literacy training
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
With N = 321 women SME owners (165 treatment, 156 control), α = 0.05, and 80% power, the study can detect an effect of about 0.33 SD in our main outcome, monthly sales. This corresponds to an MDE of 2,500 BDT assuming an SD of 7,500 BDT, or roughly 25% of the baseline mean. Other primary outcomes (profit, digital payment flows, and decision-making power) are expected to have similar detectable effect sizes in standardized terms (around 0.30–0.35 SD).
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Hiroshima University
IRB Approval Date
2025-11-17
IRB Approval Number
HR-LPES-003524