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Field
Secondary Outcomes (End Points)
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Before
Union Parishad Chairman
-Arsenic understanding (after using the application–before the app is shared will be used for heterogeneity)
-Self-described motivations for final allocation
-Average levels of household wealth, education, and other observable characteristics in the mauzas chosen by the union leader
-Average level of arsenic in the mauzas chosen by the union leader
-Arsenic level of the mauzas in the wells chosen by the union leader
-Average level of population density in the mauzas chosen by the union leader
-Proxies for political gains from, and political pressure for, well allocations
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After
Union Parishad Chairman
-Arsenic understanding (after using the application–before the app is shared will be used for heterogeneity)
-Self-described motivations for final allocation
-Average levels of household wealth, education, and other observable characteristics in the mauzas chosen by the union leader
-Average level of arsenic in the mauzas chosen by the union leader
-Arsenic level of the mauzas in the wells chosen by the union leader
-Average level of population density in the mauzas chosen by the union leader
-Proxies for political gains from, and political pressure for, well allocations
-Choice of the union leader's own mauza
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Field
Secondary Outcomes (Explanation)
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Before
Union leaders’ understanding of local arsenic contamination will be measured by asking engineers to rank three mauzas based on their well-water arsenic contamination levels, and then computing the Kendall’s tau metric using true ranking. The understanding will be measured once for unions that do not receive the website, and twice for union leaders that do receive the website intervention (once before, once after, for the same pool of mauzas).
Self-described motivation for preferred allocation will be collected immediately following the solicitation of preferred allocation, where the leaders will be asked an open-ended question on what motivated their choices.
Average level of arsenic in the mauzas chosen by the union leader is the (potentially population-weighted) average of well-water arsenic contamination in the mauzas selected by the union leader for the DPHE well allocation. The individual well-level arsenic contamination % will be also obtained using the mauza-level arsenic contamination rate.
Average levels of household wealth, education, and other observable characteristics will include (population-weighted) average of (proxies) of household wealth, education, sectoral employment (agricultural/industry/service), religion, and other observable characteristics. The data for this will be obtained from the most recent census of Bangladesh, conducted in 2022 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).
Proxies for political gains and political pressure from, political pressure for, well allocations will refer to polling station-level vote margins (in favor of the incumbent BNP (Bangladesh Nationalist Party) and voter turnout in the most recent national election, the first election after the July Student Uprising of 2024. The polling station’s location will be matched with mauzas to obtain mauza-level estimates of vote returns and voter turnout. The polling station-level returns may be difficult to obtain in practice, in which case we will use upazila-level election results as a potential driver of heterogeneous treatment effects.
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After
Union leaders’ understanding of local arsenic contamination will be measured by asking engineers to rank three mauzas based on their well-water arsenic contamination levels, and then computing the Kendall’s tau metric using true ranking. The understanding will be measured once for unions that do not receive the website, and twice for union leaders that do receive the website intervention (once before, once after, for the same pool of mauzas).
Self-described motivation for preferred allocation will be collected immediately following the solicitation of preferred allocation, where the leaders will be asked an open-ended question on what motivated their choices.
Average level of arsenic in the mauzas chosen by the union leader is the (potentially population-weighted) average of well-water arsenic contamination in the mauzas selected by the union leader for the DPHE well allocation. The individual well-level arsenic contamination % will be also obtained using the mauza-level arsenic contamination rate.
Average levels of household wealth, education, and other observable characteristics will include (population-weighted) average of (proxies) of household wealth, education, sectoral employment (agricultural/industry/service), religion, and other observable characteristics. The data for this will be obtained from the most recent census of Bangladesh, conducted in 2022 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).
Proxies for political gains and political pressure from, political pressure for, well allocations will refer to polling station-level vote margins (in favor of the incumbent BNP (Bangladesh Nationalist Party) and voter turnout in the most recent national election, the first election after the July Student Uprising of 2024. The polling station’s location will be matched with mauzas to obtain mauza-level estimates of vote returns and voter turnout. The polling station-level returns may be difficult to obtain in practice, in which case we will use upazila-level election results as a potential driver of heterogeneous treatment effects.
Choice of the union leader's own mauza is the indicator variable of whether the any of the wells (or individually chosen wells) is placed in the mauza inhabited by the union leader himself. The union leader's residence mauza will be elicited in the survey.
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