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Ethnoacting in VR: Co-Creating an Experiential Growth Mindset Intervention with Racially Diverse and Under-Resourced Youth

Last registered on October 01, 2025

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Ethnoacting in VR: A Growth Mindset Intervention for Under-Resourced and Racially Diverse Youth
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0016898
Initial registration date
September 28, 2025

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
October 01, 2025, 7:47 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Last updated
October 01, 2025, 2:00 PM EDT

Last updated is the most recent time when changes to the trial's registration were published.

Locations

Primary Investigator

Affiliation
University of East London

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
PI Affiliation
PI Affiliation
PI Affiliation

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2026-09-01
End date
2027-08-31
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
This project partners researchers with culturally diverse, under-resourced youth in Newham to co-create a Growth Mindset Intervention (GMI) combining virtual reality and live performance. Building on collaboration with Newham Council’s Youth Empowerment Service and pre-trial development (see https://cordap.uel.ac.uk/organization/ethnoacting-in-vr-diy-soft-skills-development), the programme supports confidence and resilience, including for children in care. Participants step into VR environments to voice the words of role models, from Nelson Mandela to TikTok influencers and local residents, selected by Newham Youth. Evidence shows GMIs help youth embrace failure as growth (see Jiang et al., 2024). Funding enables evaluation against traditional approaches, offering a culturally relevant wellbeing tool.

Drawing on the recommendations of the most recent systematic review of Growth Mindset Interventions (GIM), our project will answer the following questions to contribute to the existing gap (Jiang 2024: 268):
Impact on young people
1. Growth mindset: Does repeated participation in Ethnoacting in VR increase participants’ growth-mindset scores (e.g., ability to view intelligence and talent as developable)?
2. Resilience and confidence: How does the intervention affect self-reported resilience, confidence in public speaking, and willingness to embrace challenge or failure?
3. Mental-health indicators: Are there measurable changes in wellbeing (e.g., reduced anxiety about failure) after the programme?
Intervention design
4. How do VR immersion and ethnoacting work together to influence motivation and perspective-taking?
5. Which elements (role-model testimony, cultural relevance, interactive VR features) are most critical to engagement and impact?
6. How can the experiential, VR and creative elements complement the typical approach of classroom delivery (which usually involves reading, writing and discussion)?
Cultural relevance and equity
6. Does co-design with racially and culturally diverse youth increase a sense of belonging and identification with role models?
7. How does the intervention support equity in educational and career aspirations for young people from under-resourced communities?
Implementation and scalability
8. What practical factors (facilitation style, session length, technical requirements) affect fidelity, accessibility, and sustainability in youth-service settings?
9. Can the programme be adapted for other UK regions or different age groups while maintaining effectiveness?
These questions allow both quantitative (pre/post surveys, validated scales) and qualitative (focus groups, observational notes) evaluation, creating a robust evidence base for wider adoption.

Clinical psychology shows that a growth mindset improves youth outcomes beyond academics, reducing psychological distress and strengthening self-regulation (Burnette et al., 2020; 2023). Growth Mindset Interventions (GMIs) can also narrow poverty-related achievement gaps (Claro et al., 2016). It is therefore crucial to examine how GMIs support social and emotional wellbeing in under-resourced, culturally diverse settings.

Newham, one of the UK’s youngest and diverse and migrant-populated boroughs, illustrates this need. Over 40 % of residents identify as Asian and 18 % as Black, far above national averages, while many neighbourhoods face high deprivation. Culturally relevant, racially diverse interventions match the Nuffield Foundation’s educational aim to improve life chances and address structural disadvantage.

This project will co-develop a GMI with young people at Newham Council’s Youth Empowerment Service, combining virtual reality and performance for the first time. Co-creation empowers participants and fills research gaps by:
1. focusing on challenged populations,
2. integrating youth feedback through mixed methods, and
3. advancing experiential approaches (Jiang 2024).

The work enriches current growth mindset curriculum interventions at the Borough of Newham (2023: 27) with an embodied, digital and participatory component; supports Newham Council’s strategy to enhance youth health and wellbeing (2024); aligns with the National Youth Strategy’s call to strengthen local services (DCMS 2024); and follows the National Youth Agency’s Curriculum Framework (2024), offering scalable practices for racially diverse communities across the UK.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Stamatiou, Evi et al. 2025. "Ethnoacting in VR: A Growth Mindset Intervention for Under-Resourced and Racially Diverse Youth." AEA RCT Registry. October 01. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.16898-1.1
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Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
This preliminary study will test the impact of Ethnoacting in VR for Growth Mindset (EthnoVR-GMI) against a traditional classroom-based Growth Mindset Intervention. Both approaches aim to strengthen growth mindset and resilience among culturally diverse, under-resourced youth in Newham.
The project uses an experimental pre-post, follow-up randomised controlled mixed-methods design with 150 participants aged 12–19. Participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to either the VR intervention or a traditional GMI. The participants will also help co-create the experience through participatory action research, taking part in the pre-production and production stages of the VR development. The study will be run with three different cohorts, or more, until the number of participants is met.
Impact will be measured with the Implicit Theory Intelligence Scale (ITIS) (Dweck & Henderson 1988) but we will also change some questions to tackle certain limitations that were identified (see Ortiz Alvarado et al. 2024), Beliefs About Social Mobility Scale (Browman et al. 2017; https://sparqtools.org/mobility-measure/beliefs-about-social-mobility-scale/#all-survey-questions-teens ), and the “Kind of Person” Implicit Theory Scale (Dweck 2013; https://sparqtools.org/mobility-measure/kind-of-person-implicit-theory-scale/) . Quantitative data will be collected via Qualtrics and analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Qualitative data from focus groups and participant observation during VR development and after the intervention will be coded and categorised in NVivo. Focus groups (n = 12-13) will ensure every participant has a voice.
The qualitative element extends beyond data collection to a genuine collaboration, centring young people’s creativity and inviting them to become catalysts for improving the lives of their peers. All sessions will be filmed both for observational analysis and to produce a short documentary for dissemination.
The Principal Investigator (PI), experienced in participatory action research and VR trials, will lead data collection. The Youth Service Manager from Youth Empowerment Service (YES), will support recruitment, VR co-design, and data collection.
Intervention Start Date
2026-09-01
Intervention End Date
2027-08-31

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)

The study is expected to show significant increases in growth-mindset scores for the intervention group from pre- to post-test, with effects sustained at follow-up. Beyond statistical outcomes, the participatory design will empower local youth, demonstrate the feasibility of performative, digital, immersive interventions, and generate scalable practices for racially diverse, under-resourced communities.
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
A framework for creative interventions can be used to support the arts sector in using social science methodologies to design and test interventions, evidencing impact through robust data.
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
September 2026 – Recruitment
Newham youth will be informed through YES and provided consent forms (including parental consent). After forms are returned, participants will be randomly allocated in Excel to the control or intervention group and receive their schedules.
October 2026 – Introductory Session x 3 cohorts (50 participants per cohort)
Both groups (25 each) attend a two-hour session. After completing pre-tests on the three scales and two short qualitative questions (30 min), they hear a lecture on growth mindset, academic achievement, wellbeing, and career preparedness (40 min). Following a brief break, they contribute feedback on pre-selected figures and themes that will inspire the VR content (40 min). This session is filmed for qualitative analysis and dissemination.
Nov 2026 – Feb 2027 – VR Design
Participant observation from recordings and feedback guide the PI and VR specialist in finalising eight VR role-model experiences. Using an established VR experimentation model, the team develops ethnoacted speeches drawn from archives and public resources to create immersive VR scenarios.
March 2027 – Intervention Sessions x 3 cohorts (50 participants per cohort)
Each group meets separately.
Control (≈2.5 h)
• 20-min lecture refresher.
• Exposure to growth-mindset testimonies via archival videos and text (20 min).
• Writing a short speech offering growth-mindset advice to younger children (20 min).
• Optional reading aloud (20 min).
• Two 15-min focus-group discussions.
• Post-intervention questionnaire (20 min).
Intervention (≈3.5 h)
• 20-min lecture refresher.
• Immersive VR session: participants choose among eight VR experiences, each with ethnoacted role-model speeches (about 10 min per participant, 80 min total with breaks).
• Speech writing (20 min).
• Optional delivery of the speech inside the VR environment (20 min).
• Two 15-min focus-group discussions.
• Post-intervention questionnaire (20 min).
April–May 2027 – Data Analysis
Quantitative data analysed in Excel or Python; qualitative data coded in NVivo20.
June 2027 – Documentary
Creation of a short documentary for open-access distribution and school screenings.
July 2027 – Follow-Up
Electronic follow-up survey of all participants. Data analysed and documentary finalised. Dissemination to schools and youth centres invites adoption of the VR model within curricula.
August 2027 – Reporting
Conference presentations, submission of an open-access paper (e.g., VR Frontiers), and reports shared with Newham Council, YES, schools and other relevant parties.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Randomization in Excel
Randomization Unit
Youth Empowerment Service at Newham Council
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
150 service users-participants from 1 youth service
Sample size: planned number of observations
150 young people ages 12-19
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
25 in the experimental group; 25 in the control (3 cohorts)
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
IRB Approval Date
IRB Approval Number