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Field
Trial Start Date
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Before
September 01, 2026
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After
November 01, 2026
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Field
Trial End Date
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Before
August 31, 2029
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After
October 31, 2029
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Field
JEL Code(s)
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Before
J65, C93,
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After
J65, C93
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Field
Last Published
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Before
August 10, 2026 04:43 PM
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After
October 06, 2026 05:26 PM
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Field
Intervention (Public)
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Before
The intervention will consist of physical mail (stand-alone and inserts in existing EDD notices) and emails, designed to inform employers in the treatment group about the WS program.
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After
The intervention will consist of physical mail (stand-alone and inserts in existing EDD notices) and emails, designed to inform employers in the treatment group about California's Work Sharing program.
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Field
Intervention Start Date
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Before
September 01, 2026
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After
November 01, 2026
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Field
Intervention End Date
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Before
August 31, 2027
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After
October 31, 2027
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Field
Experimental Design (Public)
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Before
We will implement an Encouragement Design Randomized Controlled Trial, in which a random sample of WS‑eligible firms in California (the “treatment group”) will receive targeted outreach about the program, while the remaining firms (the “control group”) will not. The outreach will be delivered using physical mails and emails.
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After
We will implement an Encouragement Design Randomized Controlled Trial, in which a randomly selected half of eligible firms in California (the "treatment group") will receive targeted outreach about Work Sharing, while the remaining firms (the "control group") will not. The outreach will be delivered using physical mail, inserts in EDD mailings, and emails.
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Field
Randomization Method
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Before
Within each stratum, we apply the three‑variable hierarchic serpentine ordering procedure using UI Benefit charge and employment as implicit stratifiers. The stratification and assignment of firms to treatment and control group will be done by a computer program.
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After
Within each stratum, we will apply the hierarchic serpentine ordering procedure using UI benefit charges and employment as implicit stratifiers. The stratification and assignment of firms to treatment and control groups will be done by a computer program.
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Field
Planned Number of Clusters
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Before
We stratify the sample of firms on firm size, industry, and geographic region. Specifically, we define strata based on: A dedicated stratum for firms with 1000+ employees, and 15 Regional Planning Units (RPUs) x 20 NAICS 2‑digit industries, and a separate stratum for firms with missing industry or RPU, which yields 302 strata in total. To avoid strata with few firms, we combine some strata eventually ending with 198 strata.
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After
We stratify the sample of firms on firm size, industry, and geographic region. Specifically, we define strata based on: a dedicated stratum for firms with 1000+ employees regardless of industry or region; 15 Regional Planning Units (RPUs) x 20 two digit NAICS industries; and a separate stratum for firms with missing industry or RPU. This yields 302 strata in total. To avoid strata with few firms, we combine some small strata, ending with 198 strata.
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Field
Planned Number of Observations
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Before
Approx 520,000
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After
Approx 510,000 firms
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Field
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
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Before
Approx. 260,000 firms in treatment and 260,000 firms in control group.
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After
Approx. 255,000 firms in treatment and 255,000 firms in control group.
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Field
Power calculation: Minimum Detectable Effect Size for Main Outcomes
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Before
First-stage outcomes:
(i) WS take-up: 0.02 percentage points (p.p.); 35%
(ii) WS awareness: 1.7 p.p.; 7%
Second-stage outcomes: The MDE depends on the observed WS take-up effect.
For observed WS take-up effect of 3 p.p.
(i) Firm survival: 11.4 p.p.; 15%
(ii) Firm turnover: 9.5 p.p.; 61.6%
(iii) Probability of worker layoff: 2.1 p.p.; 41.7%
(iv) Probability of worker employment: 4.4 p.p.; 6.3%
(v) log (Worker Quarterly earnings): 9.1 log points; 2.1%
For observed WS take-up effect of 7 p.p.
(vi) Firm mass layoff: 1.4; 88.7%
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After
First-stage outcomes:
(i) WS take-up: 0.06 percentage points (p.p.); 10%
(ii) WS awareness: 1.7 p.p.; 7%
Second-stage outcomes: The MDE depends on the observed WS take-up effect.
For observed WS take-up effect of 3 p.p.
(i) Firm survival: 11.4 p.p.; 15%
(ii) Firm turnover: 9.5 p.p.; 61.6%
(iii) Probability of worker layoff: 2.1 p.p.; 41.7%
(iv) Probability of worker employment: 4.4 p.p.; 6.3%
(v) log (Worker Quarterly earnings): 9.2 log points; 2.1%
For observed WS take-up effect of 7 p.p.
(vi) Firm mass layoff: 1.4; 88.7%
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Field
Additional Keyword(s)
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Before
work sharing, short time compensation, nudges, encouragement design
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After
work sharing, short time compensation, nudges, encouragement design, layoff aversion
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Field
Intervention (Hidden)
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Before
The following forms of outreach will be used to deliver WS information to treatment‑group firms:
1. Direct Mail Outreach: This will be delivered through two mechanisms: (i) Stand‑Alone Mailing: One stand-alone mailing will be sent to all treatment‑group employers in the first six months of the year-long intervention period, and (ii) Inserts Attached to Existing EDD Mailings.
WS informational inserts may be included with existing EDD mailings. Potential candidates for such mailings are: Annual UI Tax Rate Notice (DE 2088) sent in December to all treatment-group employers, and Notice of Unemployment Insurance Claim Filed (DE 1101CZ) sent to the last employer when a claim for unemployment benefits is filed, Notice of Determination/Ruling (DE 1080EZ), sent to employers that respond to DE 1101CZ).
2. Email Outreach: A monthly email sent to all treatment‑group employers with available email addresses.
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After
The following forms of outreach will be used to deliver WS information to treatment‑group firms:
1. Direct Mail Outreach: This will be delivered through two mechanisms: (i) Stand‑Alone Mailing: One stand-alone mailing will be sent to all treatment‑group employers in the first six months of the year-long intervention period, and (ii) Inserts Attached to Existing EDD Mailings.
WS informational inserts may be included with existing EDD mailings. Potential candidates for such mailings are: Annual UI Tax Rate Notice (DE 2088) sent to all treatment-group employers, and Notice of Unemployment Insurance Claim Filed (DE 1101CZ) sent to the last employer when a claim for unemployment benefits is filed, Notice of Determination/Ruling (DE 1080EZ), sent to employers that respond to DE 1101CZ).
2. Email Outreach: A monthly email sent to all treatment‑group employers with available email addresses.
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Field
Public locations
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Before
No
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After
Yes
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