Abstract
We argue that (1) performance can be and should be interpreted from different perspectives, and that (2) both social aspitaion performance (SAP) and historical aspiration performance (HAP) should be considered simultaneously. Based on the two arguments, we propose a series of hypotheses according to diverse and mixed evidence from past research. There are four types of performance profiles: the improving high-performer (positive SAP and positive HAP), the improving low-performer (negative SAP and positive HAP), the declining high-performer (positive SAP and negative HAP), and the declining low-performer (negative SAP and negative HAP). Each performance profile conveys unique information, which may lead actors to respond differently. An experiment is conducted with frontline employees (school teachers). Teachers will receive two performance profiles from two students, and they need to choose which student they are more inclined to help for performance improvement.