Safe Spaces Plus: Engaging Trusted Adults in Girls’ Empowerment Programs

Last registered on November 25, 2025

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Safe Spaces Plus: Engaging Trusted Adults in Girls’ Empowerment Programs
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0017271
Initial registration date
November 20, 2025

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
November 25, 2025, 7:52 AM EST

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
World Bank

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
World Bank

Additional Trial Information

Status
On going
Start date
2023-04-03
End date
2026-07-03
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
There is evidence that “safe-spaces” interventions help empower adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa. These spaces allow girls to socialize and build networks, acquire social support and livelihood skills, and receive information on community resources. Most programs almost exclusively focus on targeting girls (alone) and there is little evidence of the impact of also engaging girls’ key decision makers during adolescence - such as parents, partners, or relatives. Further, there is relatively limited causal evidence on the impact of such “safe-spaces” programs among younger girls who are outside the formal schooling system.
This study addresses both evidence gaps. Using a cluster-randomized controlled trial, we will estimate the impact of a “safe-spaces” plus program in Mozambique. The program targets out-of-school adolescent girls (aged 10-19 years old) and a trusted adult chosen by the girl. It includes a standard “safe-spaces” component delivered to the girls and a complementary “school-of-partners” component delivered to the trusted adults recommended by them. Specifically, we will test the impacts of the “safe-spaces” component alone, and the combined “safe-spaces” and “school-partners” components, on girls’ empowerment along three dimensions: (i) education and employment, (ii) marriage and fertility, and (iii) exposure to violence.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Gracio, Matilde and Joao Montalvao. 2025. "Safe Spaces Plus: Engaging Trusted Adults in Girls’ Empowerment Programs." AEA RCT Registry. November 25. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.17271-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)

Intervention Start Date
2023-07-03
Intervention End Date
2024-03-29

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Our main outcomes of interest focus on three key areas for our sample. Namely, i) education, participation in income generation activities, and incomes; ii) marriage, pregnancy, and children; and iii) exposure to violence.
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
We are randomizing communities into one of the following three groups: i) a “safe-spaces” intervention, ii) a “safe-spaces” + “school- of- partners" intervention, and iii) a control group.

"Safe-spaces" intervention (girls).
The "safe-spaces" component delivers a group-based life-skills and mentorship program to out-of-school adolescent girls (aged 10–19). Girls meet twice per week for about four months (36 sessions in total). The curriculum covers socio-emotional skills, sexual and reproductive health, gender norms and safety, and basic financial and labor-market skills. Sessions combine short classroom instruction with guided group discussions and debates.

"School-of-partners" intervention (trusted adults).
In the "school-of-partners" component, each girl identifies one trusted adult - such as a parent, partner, or relative - who is invited to a parallel support program. Adults attend eight weekly two-hour sessions with the same facilitators. The curriculum mirrors and reinforces core themes addressed in the girls’ program. Sessions combine short classroom instruction with guided group discussions and debates.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Randomization done in office by a computer.
Randomization Unit
Community level randomization.
Was the treatment clustered?
Yes

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
125 clusters (communities).
Sample size: planned number of observations
5000 observations - 2500 girls, 2500 partners (trusted adults).
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
“Safe-spaces” intervention - 42 communities
“Safe-spaces” + “School- of- partners" intervention - 42 communities
Control group - 41 communities
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Health Media Lab (HML) IRB
IRB Approval Date
2022-09-07
IRB Approval Number
IRB #2113
IRB Name
Health Media Lab (HML) IRB
IRB Approval Date
2025-07-16
IRB Approval Number
IRB #2993