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Trial Start Date December 09, 2025 December 10, 2025
Last Published December 01, 2025 11:41 AM December 09, 2025 01:04 PM
Intervention (Public) Intervention 1: Subsidy for the upfront cost of an indirect utility connection through a neighbor. Intervention 2: Subsidy for the marginal price for electricity consumption among baseline indirectly-connected households. Intervention 1: Subsidy for the upfront cost of an indirect utility connection through a neighbor. Intervention 2: Subsidy for the marginal price for electricity consumption among baseline indirectly-connected households. Intervention 3: Subsidy for the marginal price for electricity consumption among baseline directly-connected households.
Intervention Start Date December 16, 2025 December 17, 2025
Experimental Design (Public) Experiment 1: Among 1,200 households, we randomize 33% towards the high subsidy treatment arm, 33% towards the low subsidy treatment arm, and 33% to the control group. Experiment 2: Among 1,250 households that are connected via their neighbors at baseline, we randomize 50% towards the subsidy arm, and 50% to the control group. Experiment 1: Among 1,200 households, we randomize 33% towards the high subsidy treatment arm, 33% towards the low subsidy treatment arm, and 33% to the control group. Experiment 2: Among 1,250 households that are connected via their neighbors at baseline, we randomize 50% towards the subsidy arm, and 50% to the control group. Experiment 3: Among 150 markets, we randomize 50% towards the subsidy arm and 50% to the control group. All baseline directly-connected households within a treated market will receive the subsidy.
Randomization Unit Household-level randomization Market level randomization (Experiment 3) and individual-level randomization (Experiments 1 + 2)
Was the treatment clustered? No Yes
Planned Number of Clusters Experiment 1: 1,200 households Experiment 2: 1,250 households Experiment 1: 1,200 households Experiment 2: 1,250 households Experiment 3: 150 markets
Planned Number of Observations Experiment 1: 1,200 households Experiment 2: 1,250 households Experiment 1: 1,200 households Experiment 2: 1,250 households Experiment 3: 2,400 households
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms Experiment 1: 400 High Subsidy, 400 Low Subsidy, 400 Control Experiment 2: 625 Consumption subsidy, 625 Control Experiment 1: 400 High Subsidy, 400 Low Subsidy, 400 Control Experiment 2: 625 Consumption subsidy, 625 Control Experiment 3: 75 Consumption subsidy, 75 Control
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