Backing out the shadow price of privacy in the context of Health Screening

Last registered on January 05, 2026

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Backing out the shadow price of privacy in the context of Health Screening
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0017535
Initial registration date
December 21, 2025

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
January 05, 2026, 7:03 AM EST

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
Peking University

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
Peking University
PI Affiliation
Peking University
PI Affiliation
Peking University

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2025-11-28
End date
2026-12-24
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial is based on or builds upon one or more prior RCTs.
Abstract
Despite the clear benefits of preventive health technologies, adoption rates remain persistently low. While existing literature attributes this adoption gap to financial constraints or behavioral biases (e.g., inattention, present bias), this study investigates a critical but under-explored barrier: the psychological cost of privacy disclosure in the health context. We conduct a randomized controlled trial involving a Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) screening tool to causally estimate the privacy wedge, the reduction in product valuation driven by the requirement to share sensitive personal data (home address).
Methodologically, we exploit a novel design that randomizes the timing of information collection: one group provides sensitive address data before stating their Willingness-to-Pay (WTP), while a clean benchmark group provides it after valuation. This design allows us to back out the monetary value of privacy friction as the difference in WTP between the two arms. Furthermore, we interact this privacy variation with behavioral nudges (e.g., risk salience, benefit framing) to test whether high-stakes health information alters individuals’ privacy valuation. Our study aims to contribute two key insights: (1) providing a structural estimate of the privacy cost in health markets , and (2) demonstrating how information environments can modulate privacy preferences, offering policy implications for the design of digital health interventions.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
An, Yunyi et al. 2026. "Backing out the shadow price of privacy in the context of Health Screening." AEA RCT Registry. January 05. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.17535-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
5 types of information provision: control group, health hazard group, time cost group, conformity group, information avoidance group
2 questions order between providing mailing address and willingness to pay for the CKD kit
Intervention Start Date
2025-12-22
Intervention End Date
2026-11-27

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
willingness to pay, whether they have provide the address or not
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
We propose a 5Ă—2 Factorial Design. Factor A (Original Nudges): Subjects are randomized into different information frames (control group, health hazard group, time cost group, conformity group, information avoidance group. Factor B (Privacy Friction): Subjects who indicate "Yes" (willing to receive the kit) are randomized into two flow paths. One will ask for the address firstly, then the willingness to pay for the kit, the other path will show the two questions inversely.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
randomized by the survey platform
Randomization Unit
individual
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
2000 individuals
Sample size: planned number of observations
2000 individuals
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
400 individuals in control, 400 individuals in health hazard group, 400 individuals in time cost group, 400 individuals in conformity group and 400 individuals in information avoidance group
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Peking University Institutional Review Board (PU_IRB)
IRB Approval Date
2023-12-12
IRB Approval Number
IRB00001052-23184