Choice architecture, sorting, and availability of stem cell donors

Last registered on January 22, 2026

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Choice architecture, sorting, and availability of stem cell donors
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0017570
Initial registration date
January 14, 2026

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
January 22, 2026, 6:23 AM EST

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

There is information in this trial unavailable to the public. Use the button below to request access.

Request Information

Primary Investigator

Affiliation
University of Cologne

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
University of Cologne
PI Affiliation
University of Cologne
PI Affiliation
University of Tuebingen

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2026-01-14
End date
2029-06-30
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
The unit of intervention is a school drive, i.e., a stem cell registration event at a high school or vocational school. After a presentation by trained volunteers, students can register in the stem cell registry via a test kit (buccal swab) and by providing the required information needed upon registration (contact details). Directly after registration, the donor receives a confirmation email.

For the intervention, students are randomly allocated to treatment and control group schools (equal split). For the control group, the standard registration protocol at a regular school drive applies.

The treatment group receives the standard protocol with an additionally communicated exit option (opt-out) during the donor drive, informing them that they will have the option to opt out of the registry when receiving the confirmation email. The default communication in the confirmation email of the treatment group is to stay in the registry, but it will also contain a link to an exit landing page. By clicking on this link, treatment participants have the opportunity to actively exit the registry (opt-out).

To understand potential heterogeneity in responses to the intervention, we run a short digital follow-up survey with subjects from the control and treatment groups. The follow-up survey contains questions on subjects’ motivations to join the registry, economic and social preferences, personality traits, and informedness about the extraction methods. We also aim to survey individuals who choose not to register at on-site events, using equivalent items and questions to understand their reasons for not joining the registry.

Additionally, the survey will include questions on factors such as the role of peer comparisons in the decision to register. We will ask participants about the registration behavior of their peers (e.g., how many of their friends registered or did not register) and explore beliefs regarding their own and others’ actual availability for donation. If possible, we will incorporate incentivized measures to elicit beliefs about social norms related to peer pressure and availability, in order to classify types of individuals. Moreover, we plan to randomly vary the feedback about the impact of peer influence to examine how this information shapes participants’ responses about their own availability and willingness to donate. If possible, we will also include questions allowing us to analyze how additional factors would have influenced the likelihood of registration or the perceived trust in the organization.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Kampkoetter, Patrick et al. 2026. "Choice architecture, sorting, and availability of stem cell donors." AEA RCT Registry. January 22. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.17570-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
Opt-out intervention designed to increase stem cell donor recruitment and availability for confirmatory typing.
Intervention Start Date
2026-01-15
Intervention End Date
2027-12-31

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Registration rates (1), use of opt-out (exit) option (2)
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Actual CT availability (1), Survey completion rates (2) knowledge about extraction methods (3), subjects' motivations to join (not join) the registry (4), role of peer comparisons in the decision to register (5)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
The study is conducted during stem cell donor registration drives at high schools and vocational schools in Germany. The unit of randomization is the school drive. Schools are randomly assigned (1:1) to a control group, which follows the standard registration protocol, or to a treatment group, which follows the same protocol but with an explicitly communicated opt-out option. In treatment schools, students are informed during the drive that they will have the possibility to opt out of the registry upon receiving the confirmation email, which includes a link to an exit landing page.

A short digital follow-up survey is administered to participants in both groups (and to non-registrants at the same events) to document heterogeneity in behavioral responses and to link stated motivations and beliefs to observed registration and opt-out behavior. The experimental contrast compares the standard protocol to the same protocol with a salient post-registration opt-out option.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Computer-generated random assignment, stratification based on school district, school type, and partner schools (i.e., regularly participating schools in drives).
Randomization Unit
School-level
Was the treatment clustered?
Yes

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
800 schools
Sample size: planned number of observations
55,000 students (potential donors)
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
65 students per school, 400 school per treatment
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
(1) Registration: We assume baseline registration rate of 0.5 and an effect of the intervention (post-use of exit option) of 0.015. With n=55,000 we achieve a power of about 0.89. We have minimal detectable effect size for the main outcome of 0.013 at 80% power given our baseline proportion assumption.
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
RESEARCH ETHICS REVIEW FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE
IRB Approval Date
2025-04-29
IRB Approval Number
240098YN