Sophistication about self-control and demand for weight-loss medicines

Last registered on February 10, 2026

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Sophistication about self-control and demand for weight-loss medicines
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0017840
Initial registration date
February 06, 2026

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
February 10, 2026, 6:33 AM EST

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
PI Affiliation

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2026-02-06
End date
2026-12-31
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
New GLP-1 weight-loss medicines (WLM) weaken reliance on the exertion of self-control over eating and exercise to achieve weight loss. Demand for these medicines is therefore expected to vary with self-awareness (sophistication) about self-control limitations. Lack of sophistication could result in undervaluation of the potential gains from WLM that biases their ex-ante economic evaluation based on elicited preferences. We aim to test whether increased sophistication about self-control limitations on weight loss raises stated uptake and willingness to pay for WLM.
Methods: We conduct an online discrete choice experiment (DCE) with a partially representative sample of overweight and obese adults in the Netherlands (n = 1,250). In repeated choice tasks, respondents choose between two WLM and an opt-out. The WLM have six attributes: weight-loss effectiveness, common and infrequent side effects, lifestyle programme conditionality, treatment duration, and out-of-pocket price.
We randomly assign respondents to a behavioural intervention that, prior to the DCE, provides information and induces self-reflection, with the aim of increasing sophistication about self-control limitations in relation to weight. A control group gets no intervention. We measure sophistication by the gap between reported expected and ideal weight in one year. We use this to test for a first-stage effect. Using DCE choices, we estimate the effect of the intervention on WLM uptake vs the opt-out. We use mixed logit to estimate a random coefficients model of WLM preferences. We test for effects of sophistication on these preferences and simulate welfare from WLM policies under various sophistication scenarios.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
O'Donnell, Owen, Fanny Tallgren and Bram Wouterse. 2026. "Sophistication about self-control and demand for weight-loss medicines." AEA RCT Registry. February 10. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.17840-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
Intervention Start Date
2026-02-06
Intervention End Date
2026-02-20

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
1. Uptake of weight loss medicines vs the opt-out in discrete choice tasks
2. Preferences for attributes of the medicines, such as longer treatment duration and weight loss effectiveness
3. Willingness to pay for attributes of the medicines, such as longer treatment duration
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
1. Expected-Ideal gap between control and treatment
2. Difference in second and first expected weight in the treatment group
3. Estimated uptake of medicines when vary policy-actionable attributes such as lifestyle programme conditionality and treatment duration
4. Perceived welfare from the medicines when vary policy-actionable attributes
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE)
We will conduct an online DCE to elicit preferences for new GLP-1 WLM. Respondents will choose between Medicine A, Medicine B and an opt-out corresponding to their current approach to weight-management. Medicines A and B vary along six attributes. For each attribute, there are different levels, which vary across tasks. Each respondent will complete 15 choice tasks from one of four blocks. The order of the choice tasks within each block will be randomised across respondents. The opt-out option does not have attribute levels.

Randomised intervention
Respondents will be randomly allocated to a control or treatment group. The intervention in the treatment group aims to increase self-awareness of self-control limitations that tend to cause failure to stick to weight-loss plans. Treatment and control group respondents will each be asked to report their ideal weight in one year and their expected weight in one year. We measure sophistication by the respondent-level difference between expected and ideal weight. The naive individual has no reason to expect their weight to deviate from their reported future ideal weight. Reporting expected weight greater than ideal weight reveals some degree of sophistication. For a given degree of lack of self-control, the greater the gap between expected and ideal weight, the greater the degree of sophistication.
We inform the treatment group a) that many expect to achieve their ideal weight and most do not, and b) among those who do not expect to achieve their ideal weight, most do not even achieve their ideal weight.
To reduce the likelihood that optimism bias causes respondents to view information on others' incorrect expectations (about maintaining self-control) as irrelevant to the veracity of their own expectations, we also provide information about general proneness to optimism bias, without explicitly using that term. We tell them that evidence shows that most people believe that they are less likely to make mistakes than the average person, and give them an example.
We follow up with questions intended to prompt self-reflection on self-control limitations that can impede achievement of ideal weight and appreciation that, without overcoming these limitations, one should not expect to achieve one’s ideal weight. After providing the information and asking the self-reflection questions, we ask the treatment group to again report their expected weight in one year.
The control group is not given information nor asked self-reflection questions. It reports expected weight only once.
After these initial questions, both treatment and control complete the 15 choice tasks.

Survey questions
All respondents will be asked about a) socio-demographics (self-reported age, gender, education, household net income), b) current weight-loss management strategies (self-reported), and c) perceived difficulty of the survey.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Randomisation done by respondent recruitment company
Randomization Unit
Individual level randomisation
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
1250
Sample size: planned number of observations
1250
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
625 control, 625 treatment
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Erasmus School of Economics Internal Review Board – Section Experimental Research
IRB Approval Date
2025-11-07
IRB Approval Number
ETH2526-0236
Analysis Plan

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