Training Teachers to Reduce School-based Violence in Benin

Last registered on March 16, 2026

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Training Teachers to Reduce School-based Violence in Benin
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0018053
Initial registration date
March 12, 2026

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
March 16, 2026, 7:00 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
Università della Svizzera italiana

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
NHH, Norwegian School of Economics
PI Affiliation
Trinity College, Dublin
PI Affiliation
NHH, Norwegian School of Economics
PI Affiliation
KU Leuven, Geneva Graduate Institute

Additional Trial Information

Status
On going
Start date
2025-10-13
End date
2028-12-31
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
Schools can play a critical role in shaping norms around violence, inclusion, and gender equality, particularly in contexts affected by insecurity and social tensions. In northern Benin, rising concerns related to violent extremism pose challenges to social cohesion, student well-being, and learning environments. Can teacher training that promotes non-violent, inclusive pedagogy improve classroom practices and reduce violence in schools? And do such changes translate into improved educational and socio-emotional outcomes for students? This study addresses these questions through a randomized controlled trial evaluating a school-based intervention implemented in 100 primary schools in the Donga department of Benin. Led by “Foundation Graines de Paix”, the program trains primary school teachers using an approach designed to foster relational skills, non-violence, peace-building, respect for diversity, and the prevention of violence, including extremism and GBV. The objective is to create safer and more inclusive learning environments.


The study examines whether teacher training improves pedagogical practices and disciplinary approaches, as well as students’ educational outcomes, reported violence, emotional well-being and gender attitudes. Finally, the analysis explores heterogeneous effects by gender to shed light on the distributional implications of the intervention.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Bjorvatn, Kjetil et al. 2026. "Training Teachers to Reduce School-based Violence in Benin ." AEA RCT Registry. March 16. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.18053-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
The intervention “Learning in Peace and Teaching Without Violence” is a school-based program implemented in primary schools in the Donga department of northern Benin, a region facing rising tensions linked to violent extremism. The intervention is led by Foundation Graines de Paix in collaboration with Benin’s Ministry of Preschool and Primary Education and the Ministry of Social Affairs and Microfinance and it aims to promote active, inclusive, and non-violent pedagogy in order to foster safer and more inclusive learning environments. The program targets primary school teachers and focuses on strengthening relational skills, peace-building capacities, respect for diversity, and the prevention of violence, including gender-based violence (GBV) and violent extremism. It is delivered through a structured pedagogical guide organized into four thematic modules: (i) democratic, inclusive, and non-violent classrooms; (ii) peace-building; (iii) prevention of violence and child protection; and (iv) prevention of violent extremism and crisis response. The guide follows a modular, flexible approach designed to be easily implemented in diverse school contexts. Implementation follows a cascade training model.
Intervention Start Date
2025-12-01
Intervention End Date
2027-06-01

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
- Students’ Educational Outcomes: School enrolment, learning outcomes (performance in standardized tests (EGMA and EGRA)).
- Students’ report of violence experienced and reporting behaviour
- Disciplinary practices reported by students and by teachers
- Students’ socio-emotional competencies (including empathy and prosocial behaviour).
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
- Students’ emotional well-being
- Teachers’ mental health
- Teachers’ gender-related attitudes
- Implementation Fidelity and Dosage
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
We randomly allocate the schools in two groups:

T: 50 schools (1000 students and 200 teachers)
C: 50 schools (1000 students and 200 teachers)

Randomization was stratified by commune (second-level administrative division), resulting in four strata: Bassila, Copargo, Djougou, and Ouaké.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Randomization done in the office by a computer.
Randomization Unit
School
Was the treatment clustered?
Yes

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
100 schools.
Sample size: planned number of observations
2000 students from grades 3, 4, 5, 6 of Primary School (i.e., CE1, CE2, CM1, CM2) 1000 males and 1000 females. 400 teachers, 310 males and 90 females.
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
50 schools in Control:
- 1000 students (500 females and 500 males)
- 200 teachers(44 females, 156 males)

50 schools in Treatment:
- 1000 students (500 females and 500 males)
- 200 teachers (46 females, 154 males)


Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
INStaD - Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie
IRB Approval Date
2025-10-08
IRB Approval Number
N°47/2025/MEF/INStaD/DCSFM
IRB Name
NHH
IRB Approval Date
2025-10-30
IRB Approval Number
NHH-IRB-2025-125
Analysis Plan

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