Effect of Zumba training on quality of life, love of life, and psychological resilience: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Last registered on March 16, 2026
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Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Effect of Zumba training on quality of life, love of life, and psychological resilience: A Randomized Controlled Trial
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0018094
Initial registration date
March 13, 2026

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
March 16, 2026, 7:07 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

Country
Turkey
Region
GÜMÜŞHANE

Primary Investigator

Name
coşkun yılmaz
Affiliation
ev
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Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Name
Coşkun YILMAZ
PI Affiliation
Gumushane University
Contact Investigator

Additional Trial Information

Status
Completed
Start date
2025-09-05
End date
2025-11-30
Keywords
Education, Gender
Additional Keywords
Zumba, quality of life, love of life, psychological resilience.
JEL code(s)
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
This study employed a randomized pre-test-post-test control group design. Both groups underwent baseline assessments before the intervention and post-tests six weeks later. The Zumba Group participated in a structured Zumba training program, while the Control Group maintained their usual daily routines without additional exercise. Participants visited the laboratory on three separate occasions. During the first visit, they were informed about the training protocol and completed the exercise procedures. The second visit (one week later) included baseline testing. The third visit occurred after six weeks of intervention, and all post-training assessments were conducted during this visit. All measurements and training were performed under the same environmental conditions (temperature 22–24 °C, relative humidity 45–55%) and supervised by the same research team to ensure consistency. All questionnaires were self-completed by participants in a quiet classroom setting under the supervision of a researcher who provided standardized instructions but did not influence participant responses.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
YILMAZ, Coşkun and coşkun yılmaz. 2026. "Effect of Zumba training on quality of life, love of life, and psychological resilience: A Randomized Controlled Trial." AEA RCT Registry. March 16. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.18094-1.0
Sponsors & Partners
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
This study employed a randomized pre-test-post-test control group design. Both groups underwent baseline assessments before the intervention and post-tests six weeks later. The Zumba Group participated in a structured Zumba training program, while the Control Group maintained their usual daily routines without additional exercise. Participants visited the laboratory on three separate occasions. During the first visit, they were informed about the training protocol and completed the exercise procedures. The second visit (one week later) included baseline testing. The third visit occurred after six weeks of intervention, and all post-training assessments were conducted during this visit. All measurements and training were performed under the same environmental conditions (temperature 22–24 °C, relative humidity 45–55%) and supervised by the same research team to ensure consistency. All questionnaires were self-completed by participants in a quiet classroom setting under the supervision of a researcher who provided standardized instructions but did not influence participant responses.
Intervention (Hidden)
This study employed a randomized pre-test-post-test control group design. Both groups underwent baseline assessments before the intervention and post-tests six weeks later. The Zumba Group participated in a structured Zumba training program, while the Control Group maintained their usual daily routines without additional exercise. Participants visited the laboratory on three separate occasions. During the first visit, they were informed about the training protocol and completed the exercise procedures. The second visit (one week later) included baseline testing. The third visit occurred after six weeks of intervention, and all post-training assessments were conducted during this visit. All measurements and training were performed under the same environmental conditions (temperature 22–24 °C, relative humidity 45–55%) and supervised by the same research team to ensure consistency. All questionnaires were self-completed by participants in a quiet classroom setting under the supervision of a researcher who provided standardized instructions but did not influence participant responses.
Intervention Start Date
2025-10-05
Intervention End Date
2025-11-25

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Short Psychological Resilience Scale
Primary Outcomes (explanation)
Developed by Smith et al. (2008) and adapted to Turkish culture by Doğan (2015), the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale (BSRS) is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of six items and one subscale, designed to measure individuals' levels of psychological resilience.

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Quality of Life Scale and Love of Life Scale
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)
The individual's functional status, well-being, and general perception of health are questioned. Questions regarding physical and emotional status are answered with yes or no, while other questions include Likert-type options ranging from 3 to 6. The Mental Component Summary (MCS) score is derived from the subcategories of mental health, emotional role, social functioning, and energy; the Physical Component Summary (PCS) score is derived from the subcategories of physical role, physical function, general health, and body pain. Scoring ranges from 0 to 100. A higher score indicates better health.
The scale, developed by Yıldırım and Özaslan (2022), measures a person's overall positive attitude toward life or the enjoyment they derive from life. The scale consists of three factors: positive attitude toward life (PAWL) (8 items), happy outcomes of love of life (HRLL) (4 items), and meaningfulness of life (ML) (4 items).

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
This study employed a randomized pre-test-post-test control group design. Both groups underwent baseline assessments before the intervention and post-tests six weeks later. The Zumba Group participated in a structured Zumba training program, while the Control Group maintained their usual daily routines without additional exercise. Participants visited the laboratory on three separate occasions. During the first visit, they were informed about the training protocol and completed the exercise procedures. The second visit (one week later) included baseline testing. The third visit occurred after six weeks of intervention, and all post-training assessments were conducted during this visit. All measurements and training were performed under the same environmental conditions (temperature 22–24 °C, relative humidity 45–55%) and supervised by the same research team to ensure consistency. All questionnaires were self-completed by participants in a quiet classroom setting under the supervision of a researcher who provided standardized instructions but did not influence participant responses.
Experimental Design Details
This study employed a randomized pre-test-post-test control group design. Both groups underwent baseline assessments before the intervention and post-tests six weeks later. The Zumba Group participated in a structured Zumba training program, while the Control Group maintained their usual daily routines without additional exercise. Participants visited the laboratory on three separate occasions. During the first visit, they were informed about the training protocol and completed the exercise procedures. The second visit (one week later) included baseline testing. The third visit occurred after six weeks of intervention, and all post-training assessments were conducted during this visit. All measurements and training were performed under the same environmental conditions (temperature 22–24 °C, relative humidity 45–55%) and supervised by the same research team to ensure consistency. All questionnaires were self-completed by participants in a quiet classroom setting under the supervision of a researcher who provided standardized instructions but did not influence participant responses.
Randomization Method
Thirty healthy women volunteered to participate in this randomized controlled trial. Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random array (www.randomizer.org) blinded by an investigator who was not involved in participant assessment or intervention administration. Assignment confidentiality was ensured by assigning participants to groups after completion of baseline measures. The required sample size was determined using the G*Power program (version 3.1.9.2; Düsseldorf, Germany). A power analysis, considering psychological resilience as the primary outcome measure, revealed that at least 15 participants per group would be needed to identify statistically significant effects, with an effect size of 0.80 and a true power of 0.89.
Randomization Unit
Thirty healthy women volunteered to participate in this randomized controlled trial. Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random array (www.randomizer.org) blinded by an investigator who was not involved in participant assessment or intervention administration. Assignment confidentiality was ensured by assigning participants to groups after completion of baseline measures. The required sample size was determined using the G*Power program (version 3.1.9.2; Düsseldorf, Germany). A power analysis, considering psychological resilience as the primary outcome measure, revealed that at least 15 participants per group would be needed to identify statistically significant effects, with an effect size of 0.80 and a true power of 0.89.
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
Thirty healthy women volunteered to participate in this randomized controlled trial. Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random array (www.randomizer.org) blinded by an investigator who was not involved in participant assessment or intervention administration. Assignment confidentiality was ensured by assigning participants to groups after completion of baseline measures. The required sample size was determined using the G*Power program (version 3.1.9.2; Düsseldorf, Germany). A power analysis, considering psychological resilience as the primary outcome measure, revealed that at least 15 participants per group would be needed to identify statistically significant effects, with an effect size of 0.80 and a true power of 0.89.
Sample size: planned number of observations
Thirty healthy women volunteered to participate in this randomized controlled trial. Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random array (www.randomizer.org) blinded by an investigator who was not involved in participant assessment or intervention administration. Assignment confidentiality was ensured by assigning participants to groups after completion of baseline measures. The required sample size was determined using the G*Power program (version 3.1.9.2; Düsseldorf, Germany). A power analysis, considering psychological resilience as the primary outcome measure, revealed that at least 15 participants per group would be needed to identify statistically significant effects, with an effect size of 0.80 and a true power of 0.89.
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
Thirty healthy women volunteered to participate in this randomized controlled trial. Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random array (www.randomizer.org) blinded by an investigator who was not involved in participant assessment or intervention administration. Assignment confidentiality was ensured by assigning participants to groups after completion of baseline measures. The required sample size was determined using the G*Power program (version 3.1.9.2; Düsseldorf, Germany). A power analysis, considering psychological resilience as the primary outcome measure, revealed that at least 15 participants per group would be needed to identify statistically significant effects, with an effect size of 0.80 and a true power of 0.89.
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
Thirty healthy women volunteered to participate in this randomized controlled trial. Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random array (www.randomizer.org) blinded by an investigator who was not involved in participant assessment or intervention administration. Assignment confidentiality was ensured by assigning participants to groups after completion of baseline measures. The required sample size was determined using the G*Power program (version 3.1.9.2; Düsseldorf, Germany). A power analysis, considering psychological resilience as the primary outcome measure, revealed that at least 15 participants per group would be needed to identify statistically significant effects, with an effect size of 0.80 and a true power of 0.89.
Supporting Documents and Materials
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Ethical approval was granted by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Hitit University
IRB Approval Date
2025-08-29
IRB Approval Number
2025/0471
Analysis Plan

Post-Trial

Post Trial Information

Study Withdrawal

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Intervention

Is the intervention completed?
No
Data Collection Complete
Data Publication

Data Publication

Is public data available?
No

Program Files

Program Files
Reports, Papers & Other Materials

Relevant Paper(s)

Reports & Other Materials