Emotions and Social Media Content

Last registered on May 27, 2026

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Emotions and Social Media Content
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0018673
Initial registration date
May 18, 2026

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
May 27, 2026, 9:47 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
MIT

Other Primary Investigator(s)

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2026-05-19
End date
2026-12-31
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
This study examines the effects of exposure to different kinds of short-form video content on viewers' contemporaneous emotions. We recruit participants who are paid to spend up to 30 minutes using an interface that allows them to scroll through a randomized feed of short videos scraped from social media platforms (TikTok, Instagram Reels, YouTube Shorts) presented alongside either (i) a multi-choice interface that allows them to indicate which emotions the video triggered or (ii) an interface that lets them record short voice messages explaining their reactions to the video. The goal of this exercise is to analyze how different types of social media content affect viewers' emotions. We are particularly interested in the effects of (i) content prominently displaying 'enviable' individuals likely to trigger unfavorable comparisons and (ii) political content on viewers' emotions.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Noy, Shakked. 2026. "Emotions and Social Media Content." AEA RCT Registry. May 27. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.18673-1.0
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
In this experiment, participants will be paid to scroll through a randomized feed of short videos and report the emotions they experience while watching each video. The "intervention" consists of within- and across-person randomization of videos into these feeds, which will allow us to estimate the effects of different types of videos on emotions.

Via a previous data collection, we have access to the TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube viewership histories of about 390 young Americans. We will sample videos for this experiment through the following procedure. (1) We randomly sample a subset of the creators who appear in this data (by randomly picking videos and adding their creators to our subsample). (2) We scrape videos posted by these creators in the week preceding the rollout of the experiment. (3) We scrape the metadata of these videos (transcripts, captions, thumbnails, etc.) and classify features of the videos using LLMs. Of particular interest is whether the video prominently features a creator whom viewers would consider 'enviable' on one or more dimensions (appearance, success, wealth, etc.), and whether the video is about politics. Politics will take primacy in our codings, so that a video classified as political cannot be classified as enviable. (4) From the videos scraped and classified this way, we will randomly sample a subset of videos, maintaining equal weight on all the sampled creators, and stratifying so that we end up with 33% each of politics, enviable, and other videos. We will sample a number of videos such that, given our expected sample size of participant-video pairs, each video in our data is seen by 5-10 participants. We will exclude advertisements and non-English-language videos.

Once we have this set of videos, participants in the experiment will see a feed of videos randomly sampled from this set, in a random order, stratified to be 33% politics, 33% enviable, and 33% other.
Intervention Start Date
2026-05-19
Intervention End Date
2026-12-31

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Our main outcomes for participants given the multi-choice emotions interface will be (1) an index of emotional positivity constructed by adding +1 for each positive emotion selected by the respondent and -1 for each negative emotion selected and then z-scoring within respondent, and (2) separate dummies for each specific emotion we elicit. Similarly, for participants for whom we collect voice recordings, our outcomes will be LLM-coded dummies for (1) the transcript of the recording mentioning any negative emotions and (2) dummies for specific negative emotions extracted from the transcript.
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
See description of Intervention above.

We will recruit American participants aged 18-30 on Prolific, screened on being regular users of TikTok, Instagram Reels, or YouTube Shorts, and pay them to watch a 30-minute video feed containing videos sampled and randomized using the methods described in the Intervention section.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Computer randomization of videos shown and order in which they are shown.
Randomization Unit
Randomization is at the participant-by-video level, i.e. each participant will get their own randomly selected 30-minute video feed randomly chosen in a stratified way using the methods described in the Intervention section.
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
We will recruit 200 participants.
Sample size: planned number of observations
We will recruit 200 participants. The number of participant-by-video observations depends on how long people end up taking on each video and therefore how many videos they get through in 30 minutes, but our rough projection, assuming 30 seconds per video, is 2*30*200 = 12,000 observations.
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
200
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
MIT Committee on the Use of Humans as Experimental Subjects
IRB Approval Date
2025-07-17
IRB Approval Number
2506001673
Analysis Plan

Analysis Plan Documents

Emotions Experiment Analysis Plan.pdf

MD5: 9cbcab2b40463678f3b2bb5275089e1a

SHA1: 802397228314c36ae731befcd7264f4f5fa40a6c

Uploaded At: May 18, 2026