The Allocation of Visible and Hidden Work: An Experimental Investigation

Last registered on June 15, 2026

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
The Allocation of Visible and Hidden Work: An Experimental Investigation
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0018818
Initial registration date
June 03, 2026

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
June 15, 2026, 9:35 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
Bryant University

Other Primary Investigator(s)

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2026-06-11
End date
2026-08-27
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
We investigate how partial workload transparency influences distributive preferences using a controlled online Prolific experiment. Participants in the role of allocators decide how to distribute additional workload between a pair of peers (Participant 1 and Participant 2) who are randomly assigned differing initial task endowments. We systematically vary the information for each decision scenario: tasks include both visible (publicly observable to both peers) and hidden domains (private information to the assigned individual), while the allocator observes all domains. Utilizing a within-subject design across 12 distinct scenarios, allocators choose between three options that either equalize total cumulative workloads (by removing the initial endowment inequality), maintain initial workload inequality, or exaggerate it. Crucially, we vary whether the additional tasks are allocated into the visible or hidden domains across numerically identical decision matrices. This design allows us to cleanly isolate whether allocators prioritize true distributive fairness or the visible equality when peer workloads are only partially observable.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Pan, Xiaofei. 2026. "The Allocation of Visible and Hidden Work: An Experimental Investigation." AEA RCT Registry. June 15. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.18818-1.0
Sponsors & Partners

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Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
Intervention Start Date
2026-06-11
Intervention End Date
2026-08-27

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Allocation Decisions
Primary Outcomes (explanation)
The primary outcomes are the discrete allocation decisions made by the allocator across 12 distinct scenarios. In each scenario, the allocator chooses between one of three mutually exclusive options: Favor 1 (which equalizes total cumulative workloads), Equal (which distributes the new allocation equally within the designated domain), or Favor 2 (which exacerbates total inequality).

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Allocators will decide how to allocate 6 additional tasks between two workers (Worker 1 and Worker 2).
The two workers are randomly endowed with a different number of initial tasks, such that Worker 1 is endowed with exactly 2 more tasks than Worker 2. The task allocations take place across two distinct information environments: Visible (where workers can observe both their own and their peer's assigned tasks) and Hidden (where tasks are not visible to the peers). While the allocator can always observe the full number of tasks assigned to both workers, the workers can only observe their peer's workload when those tasks land in the Visible domain.
To evaluate the effect of visibility, we compare how allocators choose to distribute these additional tasks when they assign only to the visible domain versus a numerically identical yet hidden task domain.
Allocators will make twelve distinct allocation decisions. In each decision, they must choose between three mutually exclusive options to distribute the 6 additional tasks:
• Favor 2 (Total Task Equality): Assign 2 tasks to Worker 1 and 4 tasks to Worker 2. This option completely removes the baseline endowment workload inequality, resulting in equal final cumulative workloads.
• Equal (Maintains Current Inequality): Equally split the 6 tasks (3 to Worker 1, 3 to Worker 2). This option preserves the initial baseline endowment inequality.
• Favor 1 (Exaggerated Inequality): Assign 4 tasks to Worker 1 and 2 tasks to Worker 2. This option actively exacerbates the initial baseline endowment inequality.
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
computer randomization
Randomization Unit
Individual
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
N/A
Sample size: planned number of observations
200 individual x 12 decisions = 2400 observations
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
Visible Domain Allocation: 200 individuals
Hidden Domain Allocation: 200 Individuals
Total Unique Participants: 200 individuals
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Bryant University Institution Review Board
IRB Approval Date
2026-06-01
IRB Approval Number
#2026-0601