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Field
Primary Outcomes (Explanation)
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Before
The core estimands compare each treatment arm to control and compare Gemini Notebook plus personalized guidance to Gemini Notebook-only. Academic performance outcomes will be linked from instructor or administrative course records for consenting students. Study behavior outcomes will be measured in the endline survey and supplemented by usage logs where available and consented.
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After
The core estimands compare each treatment arm to control and compare Gemini Notebook plus personalized guidance to Gemini Notebook-only. Academic performance outcomes will be linked from instructor or administrative course records for consenting students. Study behavior outcomes will be measured in the endline survey and supplemented by usage logs where available and consented.
We will report intent-to-treat estimates. Because untreated classmates may adopt Gemini Notebook, we will also report estimates that use the usage data collected for all consented students in all arms to account for control-group adoption. These are (i) the treatment–control difference in adoption, (ii) instrumental-variable estimates of the effect of tool use for the tool-only arm relative to control, with random assignment as the instrument
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