Back to History

Fields Changed

Registration

Field Before After
Abstract The goal of this research is to examine the performance of public, private (NGO) and hybrid (public-private) governance (Mahoney, McGahan, & Pitelis, 2009; McGahan, Zelner, & Barney, 2013; Quélin, Kivleniece, & Lazzarini, 2017) in a resource-scarce environment (Baker & Nelson, 2005; George, McGahan, & Prabhu, 2012). Therefore, this research aims to develop an understanding of how different governance structures deploy resources to promote the public interest by evaluating a job training program targeting residents of Brazilian favelas. The research objective is to analyze alternative forms of commissioning resources under public versus private versus hybrid governance mode. Specifically, we analyze how governance structure influences both the fulfillment of the public interest and the distribution of value among stakeholders engaged in the deployment. Our setting allows a comparison of how much a non-profit organization can foster social prosperity – measured by the increased level of employment (formal and informal), income, the confidence level of individuals, and the optimism level of individuals, among other outcomes. The approach is to compare these outcomes between individuals who undertook the training and those who did not. Also, the research design enables us to understand whether the training is more effective when performed through the public organization, the NGO, or through a hybrid form. References Baker, T., & Nelson, R. E. (2005). Creating Something from Nothing: Resource Construction through Entrepreneurial Bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 329–366. George, G., McGahan, A. M., & Prabhu, J. (2012). Innovation for Inclusive Growth: Towards a Theoretical Framework and a Research Agenda. Journal of Management Studies, 49(4), 661–683. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01048.x Mahoney, J. T., McGahan, A. M., & Pitelis, C. N. (2009). The interdependence of private and public interests. Organization Science, 20(6), 1034–1052. http://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0472 McGahan, A. M., Zelner, B. A., & Barney, J. B. (2013). Entrepreneurship in the Public Interest: Introduction to the Special Issue. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(1), 1–5. Quélin, B. V., Kivleniece, I., & Lazzarini, S. (2017). Public-Private Collaboration, Hybridity and Social Value: Towards New Theoretical Perspectives. Journal of Management Studies, 54(6), 763–792. http://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12274 The goal of this research is to examine the performance of public, private (NGO) and hybrid (public-private) governance (Mahoney, McGahan, & Pitelis, 2009; McGahan, Zelner, & Barney, 2013; Quélin, Kivleniece, & Lazzarini, 2017) in a resource-scarce environment (Baker & Nelson, 2005; George, McGahan, & Prabhu, 2012). Therefore, this research aims to develop an understanding of how different governance structures deploy resources to promote the public interest by evaluating a job training program targeting residents of Brazilian favelas. The research objective is to analyze alternative forms of commissioning resources under public versus private versus hybrid governance mode. Specifically, we analyze how governance structure influences both the fulfillment of the public interest and the distribution of value among stakeholders engaged in the deployment. Our setting allows a comparison of how much a non-profit organization can foster social prosperity – measured by the increased level of employment (formal and informal), income, the confidence level of individuals, the optimism level of individuals, among other outcomes. The approach is to compare these outcomes between individuals who undertook the training and those who did not. Also, the research design enables us to understand whether the training is more effective when performed through the public organization, the NGO, or through a hybrid form. References Baker, T., & Nelson, R. E. (2005). Creating Something from Nothing: Resource Construction through Entrepreneurial Bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 329–366. George, G., McGahan, A. M., & Prabhu, J. (2012). Innovation for Inclusive Growth: Towards a Theoretical Framework and a Research Agenda. Journal of Management Studies, 49(4), 661–683. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01048.x Mahoney, J. T., McGahan, A. M., & Pitelis, C. N. (2009). The interdependence of private and public interests. Organization Science, 20(6), 1034–1052. http://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0472 McGahan, A. M., Zelner, B. A., & Barney, J. B. (2013). Entrepreneurship in the Public Interest: Introduction to the Special Issue. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(1), 1–5. Quélin, B. V., Kivleniece, I., & Lazzarini, S. (2017). Public-Private Collaboration, Hybridity and Social Value: Towards New Theoretical Perspectives. Journal of Management Studies, 54(6), 763–792. http://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12274
Trial Start Date March 14, 2018 March 16, 2018
Last Published March 07, 2018 03:53 PM March 15, 2018 06:18 PM
Primary Outcomes (Explanation) Primary outcome explanation: Other than Labor Market Outcomes, an Instrument (questionnaire) will measure the perceived confidence, optimism, and stereotype of individuals. The instrument is based on the literature of behavioral economics and social-psychology (Chen, Gully, & Eden, 2001; John & Srivastava, 1999). Finally, the instrument is composed of 25 questions plus a “Ten Item Personality Inventory” questionnaire. References Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D. (2001). Validation of a New General Self-Efficacy Scale. Organizational Research Methods, 4(1), 62–83. http://doi.org/10.1177/109442810141004 John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). Big Five Inventory (Bfi). Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, 2, 102–138. http://doi.org/10.1525/fq.1998.51.4.04a00260 Primary outcome explanation: Other than Labor Market Outcomes, an Instrument (questionnaire) will measure the perceived confidence, optimism, and stereotype of individuals. The instrument is based on the literature of behavioral economics and social-psychology (Chen, Gully, & Eden, 2001; John & Srivastava, 1999). Finally, the instrument is composed of 23 questions plus a “Ten Item Personality Inventory” questionnaire. References Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D. (2001). Validation of a New General Self-Efficacy Scale. Organizational Research Methods, 4(1), 62–83. http://doi.org/10.1177/109442810141004 John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). Big Five Inventory (Bfi). Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, 2, 102–138. http://doi.org/10.1525/fq.1998.51.4.04a00260
Experimental Design (Public) The NGO will recruit about 500 participants from various favelas in Rio de Janeiro city (Brazil) to perform the training program in 2018. The research design is the following: “Hybrid Mode” (Public and Private Organizations in partnership): The NGO will recruit individuals interested in participating in the training program with the support of two public social service agencies. Among those interested in the training program, the NGO will select approximately 280 individuals, who will be “candidates for a spot” in the program. These candidates will provide some basic information on socioeconomic dimensions. A stratified pairwise randomized assignment (Bruhn & McKenzie, 2009) will follow, i.e., individuals will be paired considering their exact stratification on their social service agency filiation. Then, within each pair, the randomization will occur. Therefore, one member of the pair will be allocated to the NGO treatment (training program) and one to the control. The intervention will then follow. This procedure is the most adequate for the research objective given the sample size limitation (Bruhn & McKenzie, 2009). “Pure Private Mode” (only NGO) The NGO will also recruit additional 280 individuals from other favelas, in at least four different locations. These individuals will also receive the training treatment. However, the selection of these individuals will be performed through a self-selection process, i.e., the individuals will be enrolled in the program up to the point that there are no more spots available, based on a “first-in-first-serve” mechanism. Therefore, by the end of the intervention, the researchers will match each individual from the “Pure Private Mode” with one of the pairs in the “Hybrid Mode” and check whether there is any difference among the distinct modes of governance. Note that in this “Pure Private Mode”, the allocation is not random. Thus possible selection bias exists. References Bruhn, M., & McKenzie, D. (2009). In Pursuit of Balance: Randomisation in Practice in Development Field Experiments. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(4), 200–232. http://doi.org/10.1257/app.1.4.200 The NGO will recruit participants from various favelas in Rio de Janeiro city (Brazil) to perform the training program in 2018. The research design is the following: “Hybrid Mode” (Public and Private Organizations in partnership): The NGO will recruit individuals interested in participating in the training program with the support of two public social service agencies. Among those interested in the training program, the NGO will select approximately 280 individuals, who will be “candidates for a spot” in the program. These candidates will provide some basic information on socioeconomic dimensions. A stratified randomized assignment (Bruhn & McKenzie, 2009) will follow, i.e., individuals will be stratified considering four elements: i) their age (median age cutoff), ii) their income level (only income source is the Brazilian social security, "Bolsa Familia", cutoff), iii) their social service agency (CRAS) filiation, and iv) the period they want to perform the training (morning or afternoon). Then, within each strata, the randomization will occur. Therefore, "half" of the members of the strata will be allocated to the NGO treatment (training program) and the other "half" to the control. The intervention will then follow. This procedure is the most adequate for the research objective given the sample size limitation (Bruhn & McKenzie, 2009). “Pure Private Mode” (only NGO) The NGO will also recruit, at least, additional 280 individuals from other favelas, in at least four different locations. These individuals will also receive the training treatment. However, the selection of these individuals will be performed through a self-selection process, i.e., the individuals will be enrolled in the program up to the point that there are no more spots available, based on a “first-in-first-serve” mechanism. Therefore, by the end of the intervention, the researchers will match each individual from the “Pure Private Mode” with one of the pairs in the “Hybrid Mode” and check whether there is any difference among the distinct modes of governance. Note that in this “Pure Private Mode”, the allocation is not random. Thus possible selection bias exists. References Bruhn, M., & McKenzie, D. (2009). In Pursuit of Balance: Randomisation in Practice in Development Field Experiments. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(4), 200–232. http://doi.org/10.1257/app.1.4.200
Randomization Method The stratified pairwise randomization will be done on a computer, sometime in-between March 14th and March 16th. The NGO will be informed about the result right away. The intervention will then start on March 19th. The stratified randomization will be performed on a computer, on March 16th. The NGO will be informed about the result right away. The intervention will then start on March 19th.
Planned Number of Observations Up to 280 individuals in the “Hybrid Mode” (RCT), considering 140 treated and 140 control. Additional 280 individuals in the “Pure Private Mode” (non-randomly selected), will be compared. Up to 280 individuals in the “Hybrid Mode” (RCT), considering 140 treated and 140 control. At least additional 280 individuals in the “Pure Private Mode” (non-randomly selected), will be compared.
Back to top