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Paper Abstract
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Many small firms lack the finance and marketing skills needed for growth. A standard approach
is to train the entrepreneur in these skills. However, rather than requiring entrepreneurs to learn
everything, an alternative is to move beyond the boundary of the entrepreneur and link firms to
these skills in a marketplace through insourcing workers, or outsourcing tasks to professionals. We
conducted a randomized experiment in Nigeria to test the relative effectiveness of these different
approaches to improving business practices. Insourcing and outsourcing both dominate business
training; and do at least as well as business consulting at one-half of the cost.
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Paper Citation
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Anderson, Stephen and David McKenzie (2022) "Improving business practices and the boundary of the entrepreneur: A randomized experiment comparing training, consulting, insourcing and outsourcing", Journal of Political Economy, 130(1): 157-209
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Paper URL
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https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/717044
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