| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Trial Status | Before on_going | After completed |
| Field Last Published | Before July 27, 2018 01:19 PM | After August 17, 2026 02:26 PM |
| Field Study Withdrawn | Before | After No |
| Field Intervention Completion Date | Before | After April 30, 2019 |
| Field Data Collection Complete | Before | After Yes |
| Field Final Sample Size: Number of Clusters (Unit of Randomization) | Before | After 1600 solar customers |
| Field Was attrition correlated with treatment status? | Before | After No |
| Field Is there a restricted access data set available on request? | Before | After No |
| Field Program Files | Before | After Yes |
| Field Program Files URL | Before | After https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/catalog/472 |
| Field Data Collection Completion Date | Before | After April 30, 2019 |
| Field Is data available for public use? | Before | After No |
| Field Keyword(s) | Before Environment And Energy, Welfare | After Environment And Energy, Welfare |
| Field Building on Existing Work | Before | After No |
| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Paper Abstract | Before | After Quantifying the welfare effects of rural electrification is often hindered by non-price barriers that depress demand at the adoption margin. I study demand for pay-as-you-go (PAYGo) solar using a randomized experiment with 800 existing PAYGo customers in Kenya and Rwanda post-adoption. The experiment randomly assigns incentives that lower the effective price of usage for consumers who meet monthly purchase thresholds. Although average demand is unchanged, consumers with the highest pre-experimental demand increase their purchases by 6–7% in response to the incentive. I use these responses to estimate a lower bound on consumer surplus from PAYGo solar. I find large gains for high-demand consumers, but benefits deteriorate substantially for low-demand consumers. Combining my estimates with evidence from the literature on the environmental externalities of solar home systems, I calculate that the marginal value of public funds for PAYGo solar subsidies is at most 1.7 in Kenya and 2 in Rwanda. |
| Field Paper Citation | Before | After Lang, Megan (2026). "Using price incentives to bound welfare from pay as you go solar electricity." Journal of Public Economics, 259. |
| Field Paper URL | Before | After https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2026.105656 |