| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Trial Status | Before in_development | After on_going |
| Field Trial End Date | Before August 31, 2021 | After December 31, 2023 |
| Field Last Published | Before June 25, 2021 02:17 PM | After June 29, 2023 05:10 AM |
| Field Intervention (Public) | Before We elicit respondents' perceptions about the economic circumstances of their racial group and the other racial group, as well as about a range of government policies. In a randomized way, we provide respondents (the teenagers and the first wave of adults) with information about the historical evolution of earnings for black and white men and women, or about the social mobility, i.e., the likelihood that black and white children born in poor families make it to each quintile of the income distribution. In the second wave of adults collected during the COVID19 pandemic, we explain in a randomized way why poor people and black people are more likely to be economically affected by this crisis. The control groups sees no information. | After We elicit respondents' perceptions about the economic circumstances of their racial group and the other racial group, as well as about a range of government policies. In a randomized way, we provide the first wave of adult respondents with information about the historical evolution of earnings for black and white men and women, or about the social mobility, i.e., the likelihood that black and white children born in poor families make it to each quintile of the income distribution. In the second wave of adults and the teenagers sample we explain in a randomized way why racial inequities exist (i.e., the deep-seated roots and long-lasting consequences of systemic racism). In the second wave of adults, participants could also instead be randomly assigned to two additional treatments showing the consequences of the COVID19 pandemic on inequality and racial inequality. In the third wave of adults, we randomly assign them to one of the three treatments (earnings evolution, social mobility, and racial inequities explanation) that we homogenized or the control group. The control groups sees no information. The respondents from the third wave are going to be recontacted a week later with a follow up survey to test the persistence of the treatment effects. |
| Field Intervention End Date | Before September 30, 2020 | After September 30, 2023 |
| Field Primary Outcomes (End Points) | Before We are interested in i) perceptions about the economic circumstances of one's own racial group and the other racial group, ii) attitudes and views about the economic circumstances and opportunities or discrimination for different racial groups, iii) support for various government policies related to redistribution or race. | After We are interested in i) perceptions about the economic circumstances of one's own racial group and the other racial group, ii) attitudes and views about the economic circumstances and opportunities or discrimination for different racial groups, iii) support for various government policies related to redistribution or race, iv) real-stakes questions (donation and petition support). |
| Field Experimental Design (Public) | Before We will randomize the information provided respondents. One group sees the historical evolution of earnings for white and black men and women; the other group sees probabilities of black and white children born in poor families to make it to each quintile of the income distribution; the control groups sees no information. In the second wave, one group sees the negative effect of the crisis on poor people; the other group sees the negative effect of the crisis on black people. We also randomize the order in which perceptions are elicited about black and white people (some see questions about black people first, others about white people first). We also randomize the amount of monetary incentives provided to respondents for correct answers. | After We will randomize the information provided respondents. One group sees the historical evolution of earnings for white and black men and women; the other group sees probabilities of black and white children born in poor families to make it to each quintile of the income distribution; the control groups sees no information. In the second wave, one group sees the negative effect of the crisis on poor people; the second group sees the negative effect of the crisis on black people; the third group sees an explanation why racial inequities exist; the control group sees no information. In the third wave, one group sees the historical evolution of earnings for white and black people; the second group sees probabilities of black and white children born in poor families to make it to each quintile of the income distribution; the third group sees an explanation why racial inequities exist; the control groups sees no information. We also randomize the order in which perceptions are elicited about black and white people (some see questions about black people first, others about white people first). In the first two waves, we also randomize the amount of monetary incentives provided to respondents for correct answers. |
| Field Planned Number of Clusters | Before 5,000 adult individuals in first wave 2,000 adult individuals in second wave 2,000 teenager (13-17 yo) individuals | After 5,000 adult individuals in first wave 2,000 adult individuals in second wave 2,000 teenager (13-17 yo) individuals 3,000 adult individuals in third wave Around 1,000 recontacts from third wave (follow-up survey) |
| Field Planned Number of Observations | Before 5,000 adult individuals in first wave 2,000 adult individuals in second wave 2,000 teenager (13-17 yo) individuals | After 5,000 adult individuals in first wave 2,000 adult individuals in second wave 2,000 teenager (13-17 yo) individuals 3,000 adult individuals in third wave Around 1,000 recontacts from third wave (follow-up survey) |
| Field Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms | Before First Adult Wave: 208 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 209 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 209 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 209 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 209 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 209 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 209 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 209 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 209 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first Second Adult Wave: 83 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 84 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 84 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 84 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 84 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 84 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 84 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 84 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 84 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first Teenagers: 167 individuals with Treatment 1, order 1, questions on Blacks first 167 individuals with Treatment 1, order 1, questions on Whites first 167 individuals with Treatment 1, order 2, questions on Blacks first 167 individuals with Treatment 1, order 2, questions on Whites first 167 individuals with Treatment 2, order 1, questions on Blacks first 167 individuals with Treatment 2, order 1, questions on Whites first 167 individuals with Treatment 2, order 2, questions on Blacks first 167 individuals with Treatment 2, order 2, questions on Whites first 166 control individuals, order 1, questions on Blacks first 166 control individuals, order 1, questions on Whites first 166 control individuals, order 2, questions on Blacks first 166 control individuals, order 2, questions on Whites first | After First Adult Wave: 208 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 208 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 209 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 209 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 209 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 209 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 209 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 209 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 209 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 209 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first Second Adult Wave: 83 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 1, monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 1 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 83 individuals with Treatment 2 and no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 84 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 84 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 84 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 84 control individuals with monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first 84 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Blacks first 84 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 1, questions on Whites first 84 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Blacks first 84 control individuals with no monetary incentives, order 2, questions on Whites first Teenagers: 167 individuals with Treatment 1, order 1, questions on Blacks first 167 individuals with Treatment 1, order 1, questions on Whites first 167 individuals with Treatment 1, order 2, questions on Blacks first 167 individuals with Treatment 1, order 2, questions on Whites first 167 individuals with Treatment 2, order 1, questions on Blacks first 167 individuals with Treatment 2, order 1, questions on Whites first 167 individuals with Treatment 2, order 2, questions on Blacks first 167 individuals with Treatment 2, order 2, questions on Whites first 166 control individuals, order 1, questions on Blacks first 166 control individuals, order 1, questions on Whites first 166 control individuals, order 2, questions on Blacks first 166 control individuals, order 2, questions on Whites first Third Adult Wave: 188 individuals with Treatment 1, order 1, questions on Black people first 187 individuals with Treatment 1, order 1, questions on white people first 188 individuals with Treatment 1, order 2, questions on Black people first 187 individuals with Treatment 1, order 2, questions on white people first 188 individuals with Treatment 2, order 1, questions on Black people first 187 individuals with Treatment 2, order 1, questions on white people first 188 individuals with Treatment 2, order 2, questions on Black people first 187 individuals with Treatment 2, order 2, questions on white people first 188 individuals with Treatment 3, order 1, questions on Black people first 187 individuals with Treatment 3, order 1, questions on white people first 188 individuals with Treatment 3, order 2, questions on Black people first 187 individuals with Treatment 3, order 2, questions on white people first 188 control individuals, order 1, questions on Black people first 187 control individuals, order 1, questions on white people first 188 control individuals, order 2, questions on Black people first 187 control individuals, order 2, questions on white people first |
| Field Intervention (Hidden) | Before The intervention will consist in two distinct information treatments. Participants will be randomized in three groups. One group, the control group, will not receive any treatments while the other two groups will receive one of the two treatments each. The two treatments focus on two different topics. The first is on the difference between the intergenerational mobility for Whites and Blacks in the US. The second one is on how the earnings evolved differently in the US from 1970 to today for Whites and Blacks differentiating between men and women as well. More precisely, the first treatment consists in a short video (less than 2 minutes). To show the intergenerational mobility in a simple and understandable way, in the animation we show 100 kids starting from the bottom of a ladder (which represents the bottom quintile of the parents income distribution) who move to the five different steps of a second ladder (where every step represents a quintile of the income distribution of the children when they grow up). We will show this animation twice, one with 100 black kids and one with 100 white kids. At the end of the video, we put the two final ladders one next to the other. In this way we allow the participants to easily visualize and compare the different rate of intergenerational mobility between Whites and Blacks. The second treatment also consists in a short video (around 1 minute). In this animation, to show how earnings evolved over time, we are using an animated line graph. In a first vertical line, representing the earnings in 1970, four points will appear indicating the average earnings for white men, white women, black men and black women back in 1970. Same thing will happen on a second vertical line representing the average earnings of today (2017). At this point, straight lines will connect the two points. In this way, participants will easily visualize how much the evolution of earnings differed across the four different groups. During the second wave of the survey, we will have again two different treatments. The first one will focus on the increase in inequality cause by the COVID19 pandemic between poor and rich people while the second will be on the increase in inequality between black and white people. Both treatments will consist in a short video (less than 1 minute) with a similar wording to help us disentangle the two different effects. In the video we will start by telling that the unemployment rate increased a lot because of the COVID19 pandemic and that those who are more likely to lose their job are those that can't work from home. In the first treatment we highlight that these jobs are more common among poor people so that in the end poor people will suffer the most from the crisis. In the second treatment we instead highlight that these same jobs are more common among black people compared to white people so that in the end black people will suffer the most from the crisis. | After In the first wave, the intervention will consist in two distinct information treatments. Participants will be randomized in three groups. One group, the control group, will not receive any treatments while the other two groups will receive one of the two treatments each. The two treatments focus on two different topics. The first is on the difference between the intergenerational mobility for Whites and Blacks in the US. The second one is on how the earnings evolved differently in the US from 1970 to today for Whites and Blacks differentiating between men and women as well. More precisely, the first treatment consists in a short video (less than 2 minutes). To show the intergenerational mobility in a simple and understandable way, in the animation we show 100 kids starting from the bottom of a ladder (which represents the bottom quintile of the parents income distribution) who move to the five different steps of a second ladder (where every step represents a quintile of the income distribution of the children when they grow up). We will show this animation twice, one with 100 black kids and one with 100 white kids. At the end of the video, we put the two final ladders one next to the other. In this way we allow the participants to easily visualize and compare the different rate of intergenerational mobility between Whites and Blacks. The second treatment also consists in a short video (around 1 minute). In this animation, to show how earnings evolved over time, we are using an animated line graph. In a first vertical line, representing the earnings in 1970, four points will appear indicating the average earnings for white men, white women, black men and black women back in 1970. Same thing will happen on a second vertical line representing the average earnings of today (2017). At this point, straight lines will connect the two points. In this way, participants will easily visualize how much the evolution of earnings differed across the four different groups. During the second wave of the survey, we will have three different treatments. The first one will focus on the increase in inequality cause by the COVID19 pandemic between poor and rich people while the second will be on the increase in inequality between black and white people. Both treatments will consist in a short video (less than 1 minute) with a similar wording to help us disentangle the two different effects. In the video we will start by telling that the unemployment rate increased a lot because of the COVID19 pandemic and that those who are more likely to lose their job are those that can't work from home. In the first treatment we highlight that these jobs are more common among poor people so that in the end poor people will suffer the most from the crisis. In the second treatment we instead highlight that these same jobs are more common among black people compared to white people so that in the end black people will suffer the most from the crisis. The third treatment will instead consist of a short cartoon (3 minutes) which defines in simple terms what systemic racism is and to highlight its causes and consequences for racial inequality. It points out that there is no single obstacle confronting Black people in the US today, but rather myriad hurdles and persistent disadvantages dating back several generations. In the third wave we will use three different treatments. The first is the same cartoon treatment from the second wave that explains systemic racism and its consequences on racial inequities. The following two treatments have the same content of the two treatments from the first wave (information on the historical evolution of earnings from Black and white people and information on the difference in social mobility between Black and white people) but we changed the introduction and the style of the animation to be similar to the first treatment. All respondents that completed the third wave of the survey are going to be recontacted one week after the completion of the first survey. They are going to be asked to complete a shorter survey containing questions with our primary outcomes. This will allow us to test for persistence of the treatment effects. |
| Field Building on Existing Work | Before | After No |