| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Trial Status | Before in_development | After completed |
| Field Last Published | Before October 26, 2020 08:19 AM | After October 23, 2024 04:38 PM |
| Field Study Withdrawn | Before | After No |
| Field Intervention Completion Date | Before | After October 27, 2020 |
| Field Data Collection Complete | Before | After Yes |
| Field Final Sample Size: Number of Clusters (Unit of Randomization) | Before | After 436 respondents |
| Field Was attrition correlated with treatment status? | Before | After No |
| Field Final Sample Size: Total Number of Observations | Before | After 43,164 experimental elections. |
| Field Is there a restricted access data set available on request? | Before | After No |
| Field Program Files | Before | After No |
| Field Data Collection Completion Date | Before | After October 27, 2020 |
| Field Is data available for public use? | Before | After No |
| Field Keyword(s) | Before Electoral, Gender | After Electoral, Gender |
| Field Building on Existing Work | Before | After No |
| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Paper Abstract | Before | After Women are severely underrepresented in American politics, especially among Republicans. This underrepresentation may result from women being less willing to run for office, from voter bias against women, or from political structures that make it more difficult for women to compete. Here we show how support for female candidates varies by voters’ party affiliation and gender. We conducted experimental elections in which participants made their vote choices based solely on politicians’ faces. When choosing between female and male candidates, Democrats, and especially Democratic women, preferred female candidates, while Republicans were equally likely to choose female and male candidates. These patterns held after controlling for respondents’ education, age, and political knowledge, and for candidates’ age, attractiveness, and perceived conservatism. Our findings suggest that voter bias against women cannot explain women’s underrepresentation. On the contrary, American voters appear ready to further narrow the gender gap in politics. |
| Field Paper Citation | Before | After Poutvaara, Panu and Graefe, Andreas. (2024). Do Americans Favor Female or Male Politicians? Evidence from Experimental Elections. CESifo Working Paper No. 11414. |
| Field Paper URL | Before | After https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/cesifo1_wp11414.pdf |