| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Last Published | Before January 16, 2022 10:50 PM | After January 16, 2022 11:00 PM |
| Field Study Withdrawn | Before | After No |
| Field Intervention Completion Date | Before | After March 18, 2021 |
| Field Data Collection Complete | Before | After Yes |
| Field Was attrition correlated with treatment status? | Before | After No |
| Field Final Sample Size: Total Number of Observations | Before | After 1,595 individuals |
| Field Final Sample Size (or Number of Clusters) by Treatment Arms | Before | After 399 individuals in control, 399 individuals in comparison group, 399 individuals in influence-gain group, and 398 individuals in influence-loss group |
| Field Public Data URL | Before | After https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114561 |
| Field Is there a restricted access data set available on request? | Before | After No |
| Field Program Files | Before | After Yes |
| Field Program Files URL | Before | After https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114561 |
| Field Data Collection Completion Date | Before | After March 18, 2021 |
| Field Is data available for public use? | Before | After Yes |
| Field | Before | After |
|---|---|---|
| Field Paper Abstract | Before | After Vaccination promotion is a crucial strategy to end the COVID-19 pandemic; however, individual autonomy should also be respected. This study aimed to discover other-regarding information nudges that can reinforce people's intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine without impeding their autonomous decision-making. In March 2021, we conducted an online experiment with 1595 people living throughout Japan, and randomly assigned them either of one control group and three treatment groups that received messages differently describing peer information: control, comparison, influence-gain, and influence-loss. We compared each message's effects on vaccination intention, autonomous decision-making, and emotional response. We found that the influence-gain nudge was effective in increasing the number of older adults who newly decided to receive the vaccine. The comparison and influence-loss nudges further reinforced the intention of older adults who had already planned to receive it. However, the influence-loss nudge, which conveys similar information to the influence-gain nudge but with loss-framing, increased viewers' negative emotion. These messages had no promoting effect for young adults with lower vaccination intentions at baseline. Based on the findings, we propose governments should use different messages depending on their purposes and targets, such as comparison instead of influence-loss, to encourage voluntary vaccination behavior. |
| Field Paper Citation | Before | After Sasaki, S., Saito, T., and Ohtake, F. (2022). Nudges for COVID-19 voluntary vaccination: How to explain peer information? Social Science & Medicine 292, No.114561. |
| Field Paper URL | Before | After https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114561 |