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Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Norms: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan

Last registered on November 13, 2022

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Norms: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0007465
Initial registration date
April 04, 2021

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
April 05, 2021, 10:16 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Last updated
November 13, 2022, 12:21 PM EST

Last updated is the most recent time when changes to the trial's registration were published.

Locations

Region

Primary Investigator

Affiliation
Toulouse School of Economics

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
New Economic School
PI Affiliation
Lahore School of Economics

Additional Trial Information

Status
Completed
Start date
2021-04-05
End date
2022-02-25
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
Recognition-respect across cultural boundaries can be affected by civil servants. We evaluate the causal effects of scaleable ways to foster more progressive gender norms. We collaborate with a network of schools in Pakistan to train teachers and measure their own and their students’ preferences, attitudes, and beliefs linked to administrative data on student outcomes. We horserace different ways progressive gender norms can be fostered by training empathy, using medium of visual narrative and by curriculum. In addition, based on a recent meeting with our collaborating network of schools, we now also intend to investigate potential costs associated with fostering more progressive gender norms among teachers, in terms of stress and domestic violence.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Chen, Daniel, Sultan Mehmood and Shaheen Naseer. 2022. "Intergenerational Transmission of Gender Norms: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan." AEA RCT Registry. November 13. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.7465-1.2
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
In this study, we test different ways of training soft skills in teachers and students and evaluate its impact on attitudes, preferences and test scores. Using a random number generator, we will randomly assign 607 teachers to one of the following treatment arms: (i) utilitarian treatment (121 teachers); (ii) malleability treatment (121 teachers); (iii) visual narrative treatment (122 teachers) (iv) joint visual narrative and gender-rights curriculum treatment (121 teachers) and (v) the control treatment was provided information on procedures to open a bank account in Pakistan (122 teachers). Baseline, midline, and endline surveys are to be conducted every 6 months. We will also cross-randomize teachers to organize students within their classes in mixed-gender or same-gender study groups for their mathematics classes. We assess impact on these treatments on gender attitudes, stress and violence.
Intervention Start Date
2021-04-05
Intervention End Date
2021-04-07

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
attitudes, beliefs, preferences, student outcomes, stress.
Primary Outcomes (explanation)
Attitudes are measured by gender rights index based on a 16 question survey for teachers, we also measure implicit gender bias by using the gender IAT and stress by self-reported stress and plasma cortisol concentrations.

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Using a random number generator, we will randomly assign 607 teachers to one of the following treatment arms: (i) utilitarian treatment (121 teachers); (ii) malleability treatment (121 teachers); (iii) visual narrative treatment (122 teachers) (iv) joint visual narrative and gender-rights curriculum treatment (121 teachers) and (v) the control treatment was provided information on procedures to open a bank account in Pakistan (122 teachers). Baseline, midline, and endline surveys are to be conducted every 6 months. We will also cross-randomize teachers to organize students within their classes in mixed-gender or same-gender study groups for their mathematics classes. We assess impact on these treatments on gender attitudes, stress and violence. Treatment arm 1: Utilitarian value of soft-skills in teaching. Treatment arm 2: Malleability value of soft-skills in teaching. Treatment 3: Movie emphasizing gender rights (Bol Movie). Treatment 4. Movie emphasizing gender rights with in-class discussions of message of the movie and gender studies curriculum. Treatment 5: Placebo - Economics lecture.
More broadly, our interventions study, how are rights revolutions transmitted in societies? What prevents rights revolutions from taking root? We examine if progressive gender attitudes can materialize in a school using a visual narrative (a movie) delivered to teachers and whether combining the visual narrative with a semester-long gender studies course that the teachers then teach compounds the impact on teachers and students, both on gender attitudes and student test scores. We also study if there are cost associated with holding more progressive gender attitudes in terms of stress and domestic violence.
Experimental Design Details
Randomization Method
Randomization done by computer
Randomization Unit
Individual (by teacher)
Was the treatment clustered?
Yes

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
607 (the number of teachers)
Sample size: planned number of observations
607
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
121 teachers - empathy malleable, 121 teachers - empathy utilitarian, 121 teachers - gender rights movie, 122 teachers - placebo, 122 teachers - gender rights movie and teach gender rights to students
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
Supporting Documents and Materials

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IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
IRB Approval Date
IRB Approval Number
Analysis Plan

Analysis Plan Documents

Pre-Analysis Plan

MD5: e97793106836553096888efccf92773a

SHA1: 92faa8b742b9a65654adae645946b4d4be7a89b0

Uploaded At: November 13, 2022

Post-Trial

Post Trial Information

Study Withdrawal

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Intervention

Is the intervention completed?
No
Data Collection Complete
Data Publication

Data Publication

Is public data available?
No

Program Files

Program Files
Reports, Papers & Other Materials

Relevant Paper(s)

Reports & Other Materials