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Field
Last Published
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Before
November 18, 2023 08:51 PM
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After
March 01, 2024 07:18 PM
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Field
Intervention (Public)
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Before
1. We install solar-powered lights, TVs and language-varied educational videos over the years 2015 to 2017.
2. We randomly give students tests in either English-only exams or bilingual exams.
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After
We install solar-powered lights, TVs and language-varied educational videos over the years 2015 to 2017.
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Field
Primary Outcomes (End Points)
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Before
attendance, test scores, pass rates, educational motivation, sense of justice, occupational aims
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After
O-level test scores and pass rates of 2016 and 2017 graduating cohorts
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Field
Primary Outcomes (Explanation)
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Before
standard measures are used
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After
O-level test scores: normalized GPA (grade point average) as given by the national examination records
O-level pass rates: indicators for passing (getting at least Division IV)
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Field
Experimental Design (Public)
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Before
We randomly provide 89 schools with the interventions. 1/3 receive the solar equipment only. 1/3 receive English-only educational videos. 1/3 receive bilingual educational videos.
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After
Schools are randomized into the following treatment groups.
1. “Solar x TV x No Video (G1)” receiving solar lights and TVs (“facilities”) only;
2. “Solar x TV x English Videos (G2)” receiving solar facilities and English videos;
3. “Solar x TV x Bilingual Videos (G3)” receiving solar facilities and bilingual videos;
4. “No Solar x No TV x English Videos (G4)” receiving English videos only;
5. “No Solar x No TV x Bilingual Videos (G5)” receiving bilingual videos only;
6. “Control (G6)” receiving neither solar facilities nor video.
G1 receives the solar systems in 09/2015. G2 receives the solar systems and English learning materials in 09/2015. G3 receives the solar systems and bilingual learning materials in 09/2015. G4 receives the English learning materials only in 09/2015, but receives the solar systems at the end of 2017 (after the endline). The G5 receives bilingual learning materials in 2015, and receives the solar systems at the end of 2017. The G6 receives only the solar system at the end of 2017.
This design allows us to compare G1-G5 with G6.
This design also allows for a "pooled" comparison of schools with solar (G1-G3) vs. schools without solar (G4-G6), whose result we report to summarize.
This design finally allows us to look at results for 2016 (year 1) and 2017 (year 2) both separately and pooled together. These results will be reported in the final paper to be produced including the 2016 and 2017 outcome data.
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Randomization Method
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Before
1. School-randomization is done by stata. Schools are stratified at the region-level and then at 6-school previous year national examination GPA-average bands. Code is reproducible.
2. Approximately 40 students (10 form 4 boys, 10 form 4 girls, 10 form 3 boys, 10 form 3 girls) are sampled from each school. Suppose the number of students in a form-gender cohort is X. Then compute A, where A is given by the floor of X / 10. Take the last digit of the survey date, D. Take Dth student and then take every Ath student from that point on. (If D = 0, then take the first student on the roster.)
3. Every other student from the sampled list is given the English-only exam.
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After
School-randomization is done by Stata. Schools are stratified at the region-level and then at 6-school previous year national examination GPA-average bands. Code is reproducible.
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Field
Randomization Unit
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Before
Randomization for the energy / video intervention is done at the school level. Randomization for the language test intervention is done at the individual level.
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After
Randomization for the energy / video intervention is done at the school level.
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Planned Number of Clusters
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Before
200 schools.
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After
164 schools.
The initial number of schools received from the government containing schools without electricity in the project-assigned districts was 208. This list was used to randomize the schools; however, subsequent visit to deliver intervention materials let to a reduction in sample size due to "no electricity" eligibility restriction. Out of 208 schools, 34 schools were already connected to the national grid or had solar facilities installed in all classrooms. Further 10 schools were relatively newly established schools, whose students were too young to register for the 2016 junior-secondary exit exams. These schools were excluded from the program, as they should never have been included in the sample in the first place. No intervention was delivered and no data was collected from these 44 schools. Thus the sample number of clusters is 164 schools.
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Planned Number of Observations
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Before
8000 students
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After
Approximately 20,000 students. 10,171 students in the graduating cohort of 2016. The number of students in the graduating cohort of 2017 is pending verification.
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Field
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
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Before
The schools are divided into six equal-sized groups. First group receives a solar system in 09/2015. The second receives the solar system and English learning materials in 09/2015. The third receives the solar system and bilingual learning materials in 09/2015. The fourth receives English learning materials only in 09/2015, but receives the solar system at the end of 2016 (after endline). The fifth receives bilingual learning materials in 2015, and receives the solar system at the end of 2016. The last group is to receive only the solar system at the end of 2016.
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After
1. “Solar x TV x No Video (G1)” receiving solar lights and TVs (“facilities”) only (35 schools randomized, 26 schools verified to be eligible upon visit and registered into program);
2. “Solar x TV x English Videos (G2)” receiving solar facilities and English videos (35 schools randomized, 29 schools registered);
3. “Solar x TV x Bilingual Videos (G3)” receiving solar facilities and bilingual videos (36 schools randomized, 31 schools registered);
4. “No Solar x No TV x English Videos (G4)” receiving English videos only (35 schools randomized, 29 schools registered);
5. “No Solar x No TV x Bilingual Videos (G5)” receiving bilingual videos only (33 schools randomized, 24 schools registered);
6. “Control (G6)” receiving neither solar facilities nor video (34 schools randomized, 25 schools registered).
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Power calculation: Minimum Detectable Effect Size for Main Outcomes
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Before
Please see "150921 preliminary report.docx," last page, for power calculations.
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After
Power calculations can be seen in section 3.5.1 of "IGC_FInal-report_cover2.pdf" targeting 2016 outcome data. In the final paper, which will include 2017 data pending receipt, results will be reported analyzing results for 2016 (year 1) and 2017 (year 2) both separately and pooled together.
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Secondary Outcomes (End Points)
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Before
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After
school-reported "hours of video-viewing per average week"; school-reported percentage of students "staying late to use electricity"
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