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Field
Trial Status
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Before
in_development
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After
on_going
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Field
Trial End Date
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Before
May 31, 2022
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After
December 31, 2023
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Field
Last Published
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Before
March 31, 2022 03:32 PM
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After
June 14, 2023 02:06 AM
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Field
Study Withdrawn
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Before
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After
No
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Field
Intervention Completion Date
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Before
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After
May 25, 2022
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Field
Data Collection Complete
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Before
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After
Yes
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Field
Final Sample Size: Number of Clusters (Unit of Randomization)
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Before
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After
205 subjects.
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Field
Was attrition correlated with treatment status?
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Before
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After
No
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Field
Final Sample Size: Total Number of Observations
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Before
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After
1025 rounds of real-effort tasks.
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Field
Final Sample Size (or Number of Clusters) by Treatment Arms
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Before
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After
75 subjects in UBI, 75 subjects in NIT, 55 subjects in the benchmark treatments.
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|
Field
Data Collection Completion Date
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Before
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After
May 25, 2022
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|
Field
Intervention (Public)
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Before
This is a laboratory experiment employing a between-subject design. In each session with ten participants, subjects are randomly allocated into two groups of five using the experimental software zTree. This matching remains fixed throughout the experiment. They play a real-effort game five times. In each game, they have 4 minutes to complete tasks and those with higher performance receive higher rewards. The real-effort task is to type a randomly generated block of 20 characters backward into a text box. The blocks of characters were randomly drawn with replacement from a pool of 500 pre-generated blocks. After submitting the text, participants receive feedback and a new block of characters. They may complete as many tasks as they wished. At the end of the period, participants learned the number of correctly typed blocks. Each completed task is rewarded with 0.30 SGD gross payment.
In the control group (BM), there is no tax and no transfer. Participants always receive the full flat-rate payment for each completed task. The repeated game is played in two conditions that are identical in the distribution of final payoffs but different in how redistribution is framed. In the negative income tax (NIT) treatment, all tax is born by subjects that earn above the mean income. In particular, the tax is equivalent to half of the difference between the gross income of the subject and the average gross income. Those below average receive a negative tax: they don't pay tax, only receive it. The transfer is equal to half of the difference between their income and the average. By design, the sum of taxes equals the sum of transfers.
In the universal basic income (UBI) treatment, all subjects pay 50\% of their gross income as tax. Then, they receive an unconditional payment after each round that is an equal share of all tax revenues. The list of net incomes is identical to that of the NIT treatment for any gross income levels in the group.
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After
This is a laboratory experiment employing a between-subject design. In each session with ten participants, subjects are randomly allocated into two groups of five using the experimental software zTree. This matching remains fixed throughout the experiment. They play a real-effort game five times. In each game, they have 4 minutes to complete tasks and those with higher performance receive higher rewards. The real-effort task is to type a randomly generated block of 20 characters backward into a text box. The blocks of characters were randomly drawn with replacement from a pool of 500 pre-generated blocks. After submitting the text, participants receive feedback and a new block of characters. They may complete as many tasks as they wished. At the end of the period, participants learned the number of correctly typed blocks. Each completed task is rewarded with 0.30 SGD gross payment.
In the control group (BM), there is no tax and no transfer. Participants always receive the full flat-rate payment for each completed task. The repeated game is played in two conditions that are identical in the distribution of final payoffs but different in how redistribution is framed. In the negative income tax (NIT) treatment, all tax is born by subjects that earn above the mean income. In particular, the tax is equivalent to 30% or 50% (depending on the treatment) of the difference between the gross income of the subject and the average gross income. Those below average receive a negative tax: they don't pay tax, only receive it. The transfer is equal to 30% or 50% (depending on the treatment) of the difference between their income and the average. By design, the sum of taxes equals the sum of transfers.
In the universal basic income (UBI) treatment, all subjects pay 30% or 50% (depending on the treatment) of their gross income as tax. Then, they receive an unconditional payment after each round that is an equal share of all tax revenues. The list of net incomes is identical to that of the NIT treatment for any gross income levels in the group.
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Field
Intervention End Date
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Before
May 31, 2022
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After
December 31, 2023
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|
Field
Planned Number of Clusters
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Before
13 sessions.
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After
30 sessions.
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Field
Planned Number of Observations
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Before
195 subjects, 975 observations.
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After
305 subjects, 1525 observations.
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Field
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
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Before
75 subjects in UBI
75 subjects in NIT
45 subjects in BM
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After
75 subjects in UBI 50% tax
75 subjects in NIT 50% tax
55 subjects in BM
50 subjects in NIT 30% tax
50 subjects in UBI 30% tax
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