The Effects of Information on the Impact of Development Interventions in Fragile States

Last registered on March 21, 2024
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Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
The Effects of Information on the Impact of Development Interventions in Fragile States
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0009818
Initial registration date
July 29, 2022

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
August 03, 2022, 2:26 PM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Last updated
March 21, 2024, 3:52 AM EDT

Last updated is the most recent time when changes to the trial's registration were published.

Locations

Country
Mali
Region
Sikasso
Country
Niger
Region

Primary Investigator

Name
Carlo Koos
Affiliation
University of Bergen
Contact Primary Investigator

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Name
Alexander De Juan
PI Affiliation
University of Osnabrueck
Contact Investigator

Additional Trial Information

Status
Completed
Start date
2022-08-07
End date
2023-08-31
Keywords
Behavior, Crime, Violence, & Conflict, Electoral, Governance, Health, Post-conflict, Welfare
Additional Keywords
Development aid, information, state-society relations
JEL code(s)
C93, P45, R28
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
Prior research shows that the beneficiaries of foreign aid often lack basic informa- tion on development projects in their communities—in terms of the initiators of the interventions or the rationale of aid distribution. This lack of transparency can undermine citizens’ political efficacy and nurture perceptions of unfair aid distribution. Customized aid information campaigns may avert these effects and impact positively on state-society and inter-group relations. We aim to investi- gate these potential effects of information in a randomized controlled trial among 10,000 respondents of a three-wave panel survey in Mali and Niger. We focus on 20 community-based infrastructure projects per country. In the baseline wave, mem- bers of the treatment group will receive customized information on ongoing aid projects in their vicinity (e.g., type, volume, and formal rules of project selection). In the mid-line, we repeat this information. In addition, half of the treatment group will have the opportunity to provide feedback on the project to the government and responsible aid agency. In the end line, we estimate the effects of these two elements of the information campaign on peoples’ evaluation of political efficacy, distribu- tional fairness, engagement with political institutions and inter-group relations. This pre-analysis plan describes our hypotheses, research design and planned data collection.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
De Juan, Alexander and Carlo Koos. 2024. "The Effects of Information on the Impact of Development Interventions in Fragile States." AEA RCT Registry. March 21. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.9818-2.0
Sponsors & Partners
Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
In this condition, respondents receive information on an aid project in their vicinity. This information focuses on several key defining features of the process of project selection as well as the project output itself. In terms of project selection, we provide information on (1) how funding volumes are allocated as across communes, (2) provisions for the identification of development needs, and (3) procedures for the selection of concrete aid projects. In terms of the projects themselves, we focus on (1) who is responsible for the funding program, (2) the type of project, (3) the costs and (4) the expected duration of the project. Note that we conceive of these individual pieces of information as elements of one single compound treatment; i.e., we are interested in the effects of being informed (or not) about key characteristics of aid projects rather in the (potentially heterogeneous) effects of any specific pieces of information.
Intervention (Hidden)
Intervention Start Date
2022-08-07
Intervention End Date
2023-08-31

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
State-Society Relations (Index)
Intergroup relations (index)
Primary Outcomes (explanation)
State-Society Relations: Rather than explicitly asking respondents about their “trust” or “confidence” in institutions, we gauge their willingness to engage (or not) with state institutions. Three considerations inform this decision: first, we expect that concrete activities are easier to assess for respondents than abstract notions like “trust”. Second, from an aid-policy perspective, (intended) behavior seems more relevant than general attitudes. Thus, we rely on four survey items related to voting, taxation, contacting and complaining. Respondents can answer to each item on a four-option Likert scale ranging between ``very likely'' (4), ``likely'' (3), ``unlikely'' (2), or ``very unlikely'' (1). Responses to each of the four item will be standardized, combined into an index and standardized again (See PAP for detailed questions).
Intergroup relations: To measure our second main outcome, we rely on vignettes that confront respondents with hypothetical distributional decisions in zero-sum situations. Again, our main motive for relying on vignettes rather than standard questions related to “trust in others” is to make survey items as concrete as possible. Specifically, we rely on two types of scenarios: the first one focuses on the inter-village distribution of a resource surplus, the second one focuses on political support for discriminatory political campaigns. In both cases, we ask for respondents' own distributional preferences as well as their expectations of other villages’ preferences. Responses to each of the four items will be standardized, combined into an index and standardized again. (See PAP)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Civic engagement (index)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)
In addition to our two main outcomes, we register a civil engagement index for an exploratory analysis. We understand civil engagement as people's voluntary contribution to a public good in terms of investing some of their \textit{time} and \textit{money} to upkeep the service and infrastructure. We believe that customized information and feedback opportunities can potentially increase civic engagement. The provision of information signals to the respondents that they are taken seriously as beneficiaries and stakeholders of the respective projects. This may, in turn, increase people's awareness and commitment to contribute to sustainability of the service. We rely on two items that ask respondents about the likelihood to voluntary contribute some of their time and money. Respondents can
answer to each item on a four-option Likert scale ranging between “very likely” (4), “likely” (3), “unlikely” (2), or “very unlikely” (1). Responses to each of the four item will be standardized,
combined into an index and standardized again
(See PAP for questions)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
In wave 1 respondents will be randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions and will keep their treatment status throughout the panel survey; the information and feedback treatments are administered across the first two waves of the panel.
(See PAP for more information).
Experimental Design Details
Randomization Method
Randomization assigned on tablet during survey.
Randomization Unit
Individual
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
-
Sample size: planned number of observations
1500 Individuals (in final wave, accounting for expected attrition)
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
500 control, 500 T1, 500 T2
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
See PAP for details
Supporting Documents and Materials
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Institutional Review Board (Ethikkommission) of the University of Osnabrück
IRB Approval Date
2021-09-21
IRB Approval Number
471043.5
Analysis Plan

Analysis Plan Documents

PAP update April 2023

MD5: 209f378dde6ea2c4f194c439f5a326a1

SHA1: 5a29cd75c77b34ded6b868c41cc90a8c7b928e6f

Uploaded At: April 12, 2023

PAP update December 2022

MD5: 523818002bf012e76d742f02748bafc7

SHA1: f14fafb160d06e2e206c1168c087ada0c8866bc0

Uploaded At: December 22, 2022

Original PAP

MD5: 0f1db97ec453fd6525b791681cc7172a

SHA1: fcfbabfce315631cbdb73b9a73b204288ef2dcd2

Uploaded At: July 28, 2022

Follow-up study wave 4

MD5:

SHA1:

Uploaded At: March 21, 2024

Post-Trial

Post Trial Information

Study Withdrawal

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Intervention

Is the intervention completed?
No
Data Collection Complete
Data Publication

Data Publication

Is public data available?
No

Program Files

Program Files
Reports, Papers & Other Materials

Relevant Paper(s)

Reports & Other Materials