Vote-Buying in Mongolia’s 2024 Elections: A List Experiment Approach

Last registered on January 14, 2025

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Vote-Buying in Mongolia’s 2024 Elections: A List Experiment Approach
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0015068
Initial registration date
December 20, 2024

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
January 02, 2025, 10:06 AM EST

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Last updated
January 14, 2025, 8:18 AM EST

Last updated is the most recent time when changes to the trial's registration were published.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
Hiroshima Univerity

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
PI Affiliation

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2024-12-23
End date
2025-12-15
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
This study investigates the prevalence and dynamics of vote-buying in Mongolia’s 2024 elections using a list experiment to address social desirability bias, a common challenge in measuring sensitive behaviors. Vote-buying, a form of electoral corruption and a criminal offense in many countries, undermines democratic processes by distorting voter choices and perpetuating inequality. The primary objective is to estimate the prevalence of vote-buying, while secondary outcomes focus on identifying demographic and behavioral patterns among voters. The study employs stratified random sampling, targeting 1,200 respondents aged 18 and above. By exploring these dynamics, this study offers recommendations for democratic governance and social equity.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Batsuuri, Tsevelmaa, Daisaku Goto and Truong Pham. 2025. "Vote-Buying in Mongolia’s 2024 Elections: A List Experiment Approach." AEA RCT Registry. January 14. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.15068-1.1
Sponsors & Partners

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Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
Treatment item (sensitive statement)
Intervention Start Date
2024-12-23
Intervention End Date
2025-03-15

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Prevalence of vote-buying
Primary Outcomes (explanation)
Estimating the proportion of voters involved in vote-buying

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Social desirability bias and demographic and political patterns
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)
Secondary outcomes include social desirability bias, gauged by differences in reporting between direct and indirect questioning, and demographic and political patterns, examining how factors like age, education, income, and political affiliation correlate with vote-buying behavior.

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Study design: Respondents are randomly assigned to one of four groups:
1. Control group: presented with four non-sensitive statements and 2 out of 3 direct questions
2. Treatment Group 1: Presented with the four control statements plus one sensitive statement
3. Treatment Group 2: Presented with the four control statements plus a different sensitive statement
4. Treatment Group 3: Presented with the four control statements plus another sensitive
statement
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Qualtrics survey platform and phone application
Randomization Unit
Individual
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
N/A
Sample size: planned number of observations
1200
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
1200
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima Universiry
IRB Approval Date
2025-01-02
IRB Approval Number
HR-HUM-002552