From Reluctance to Resilience: Encouraging Lifelong Learning in Adults

Last registered on October 13, 2025

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
From Reluctance to Resilience: Encouraging Lifelong Learning in Adults
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0016994
Initial registration date
October 10, 2025

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
October 13, 2025, 11:02 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
Bocconi University

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Affiliation
Harvard Business School
PI Affiliation
Adam Smith Business School
PI Affiliation
Harvard Business School

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2026-05-01
End date
2028-05-01
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
This study investigates upskilling reluctance among minority workers trained by a large organization specializing in training in tech and IT. Upskilling is critical in a rapidly changing technological world, yet many workers hesitate to participate. The research includes three primary components. First, we provide causal estimates of upskilling programs’ impact on labor market outcomes (e.g., wages, employment type) and their ROI, by combining administrative data (shared with us by the partner organization) and a randomized experiment. Second, we will evaluate: i) whether a low-cost randomized intervention can encourage workers’ engagement in upskilling; and ii) the effectiveness of such upskilling on labor market outcomes. The intervention will leverage the career plans that the organization's alumni had previously developed upon entering the initial training program. Third, we will conduct a novel large-scale survey experiment with alumni to quantify their willingness to pay for several upskilling programs. By experimentally varying program characteristics, such as teaching schedules and instruction modes, we will assess the impact of training design features on enrollment decisions. The project aims to provide actionable insights into designing effective training programs and improving the effectiveness of upskilling efforts.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Brandimarti, Eleonora et al. 2025. "From Reluctance to Resilience: Encouraging Lifelong Learning in Adults." AEA RCT Registry. October 13. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.16994-1.0
Sponsors & Partners

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Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
We will conduct two experiments with the partner organization:
11) a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with the alumni who completed their initial training 4 to 8 years ago. In a randomized way, the intervention will remind some alumni of their “Career Plan”, which was a document developed during their basic training together with a coach, outlining their five-year career objectives, including their upskilling intentions and plans. The intervention will encourage treated alumni to revise and update their plan, reflecting on their current goals and training needs, and how upskilling may satisfy them.

2) a discrete-choice experiment (DCE) with recent alumni not yet eligible for upskilling within the context of an online survey. Through this module, we will study preferences for different upskilling programs and attributes and measure baseline beliefs and attitudes towards lifelong learning. We are also planning to include an informational experiment within this survey to communicate the value of upskilling.

[Note: We aim to finalize the details of the design of both experiments with the partner organization once funding has been secured.]
Intervention Start Date
2026-09-01
Intervention End Date
2027-09-01

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
Experiment 1: Upskilling take-up and labor market outcomes (i.e. wages, employment, career progression).
Experiment 2 (DCE): willingness to pay for different attributes of upskilling programs
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Types of upskilling programs in which people enrol in, well-being.
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Experiment 1:
The experiment includes two treatment arms and one control group to which participants are randomly allocated:
• Treatment 1: Reminder. Alumni receive an email with their original plan and a personalized list of available upskilling courses.
• Treatment 2: Reminder+ Individual Coaching. Alumni receive the same email as Treatment 1, plus an invite to participate in a 1:1 meeting with an organization officer to update their career plans and discuss personalized upskilling options.
• Control: Alumni receive no additional information.
Target participants are alumni who are eligible for upskilling, but have not yet enrolled.

Experiment 2: Respondents will evaluate upskilling options with exogeneously varied features—e.g., completion rates, job placement outcomes, delivery mode, modularity, and cohort structure. This design enables estimation of a discrete choice model to infer willingness-to-pay (WTP) for upskilling and specific program attributes.

[Note: We aim to finalize the details of the design of both experiments with the partner organization once funding has been secured.]
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Randomization done in an office by a computer
Randomization Unit
Individual level randomization stratified by gender, ethnicity, socio-economic background, time in current employment and occupation (exact strata to be confirmed depending on data availability).
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
Experiment 1: between 9,000 and 12,000 eligible alumni
Experiment 2: around 2000 recent alumni

[Note: We aim to finalize these numbers with the partner organization once funding has been secured.]
Sample size: planned number of observations
Same as above
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
Experiment 1: depending on the partner's capacity, we will implement one of these two designs:
- 4000 individuals in C, 6000 in T1 and 2000 in T2
- 4000 individuals in C, 4000 in T1 and 4000 in T2

Experiment 2: each respondent will see 4 to 6 choices in the DCE module, with exogeneously varied features. We will randomly assign 50% of the sample to the information treatment.

[Note: We aim to finalize these numbers with the partner organization once funding has been secured.]
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
IRB Approval Date
IRB Approval Number