Environmental Regulation and Barriers to Technology Adoption: Experimental Evidence from Urban Viet Nam

Last registered on February 10, 2026

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Environmental Regulation and Barriers to Technology Adoption: Experimental Evidence from Urban Viet Nam
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0017817
Initial registration date
February 04, 2026

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
February 10, 2026, 6:02 AM EST

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

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Primary Investigator

Affiliation
Paris School of Economics

Other Primary Investigator(s)

Additional Trial Information

Status
In development
Start date
2026-03-09
End date
2026-05-04
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
This randomised evaluation studies whether low-cost information and financial incentives can increase voluntary adoption of privately beneficial, emissions-reducing motorcycle maintenance in a weak enforcement context. Air pollution disproportionately affects developing countries, where 91% of related deaths occur, with the urban poor—those most exposed to airborne particulate matter —facing the greatest health risks. Despite its urgency, little is known about how to effectively reduce pollution in weak enforcement contexts. In Viet Nam, motorcycles account for the vast majority of transport-related emissions, yet on-road emissions remain largely unregulated and uptake of emissions-reducing maintenance is low, despite potential private fuel cost savings.

The study will be implemented in Hanoi, where motorcycles contribute substantially to local air pollution. I investigate whether under-adoption of maintenance is driven by information asymmetries or low demand.

Participants are randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) information on expected private fuel expenditure savings from maintenance, (2) information about their motorcycle’s compliance with emissions standards, (3) compliance information plus information on the expected social benefits of emissions reductions, or (4) a control group receiving no information. Following the information intervention, we elicit willingness to accept maintenance and randomly assign participants to receive either a partial (10%) or full (100%) subsidy, allowing us to separate informational frictions from financial constraints.

Primary outcomes include demand for maintenance, maintenance take-up, fuel expenditure, and motorcycle emissions. We also track driving behaviour to assess potential rebound effects. By isolating the roles of information and subsidies, this study provides causal evidence on whether targeted, low-cost interventions can increase adoption of a privately beneficial, pollution-reducing technology in the absence of strict regulatory enforcement.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Mallon, Kim Lan. 2026. "Environmental Regulation and Barriers to Technology Adoption: Experimental Evidence from Urban Viet Nam." AEA RCT Registry. February 10. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.17817-1.0
Sponsors & Partners

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Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
Intervention Start Date
2026-03-09
Intervention End Date
2026-04-20

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
1) Maintenance demand and take-up
2) Fuel expenditure
3) Motorcycle emissions (hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide)
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
4) Distance travelled
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Information treatment 1: Participants will be informed if their motorcycle complies with emissions standards or not
Information treatment 2: Participants will be informed if their motorcycle complies with emissions standards or not, and about the social benefits of motorcycle maintenance.
Information control: No information intervention.

Participants will also be cross-randomised into two subsidy treatment arms:
Subsidy treatment: 100% voucher for maintenance package
Subsidy control: 10% voucher for maintenance package
Experimental Design Details
Not available
Randomization Method
Randomisation done on enumerators' tablets
Randomization Unit
Individual
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
0
Sample size: planned number of observations
1482
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
247 participants per arm
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Paris School of Economics IRB
IRB Approval Date
2025-10-03
IRB Approval Number
2025-046