Health Data Sharing in the Age of AI

Last registered on April 01, 2026
View Trial History

Pre-Trial

Trial Information

General Information

Title
Health Data Sharing in the Age of AI
RCT ID
AEARCTR-0018237
Initial registration date
March 29, 2026

Initial registration date is when the trial was registered.

It corresponds to when the registration was submitted to the Registry to be reviewed for publication.

First published
April 01, 2026, 10:29 AM EDT

First published corresponds to when the trial was first made public on the Registry after being reviewed.

Locations

Country
Korea (Republic of)
Region

Primary Investigator

Name
Eseul Choi
Affiliation
Bank of Korea
Contact Primary Investigator

Other Primary Investigator(s)

PI Name
Hyewon Kang
PI Affiliation
Hanyang University
PI Name
Won Sung
PI Affiliation
Gachon University

Additional Trial Information

Status
Completed
Start date
2026-03-19
End date
2026-03-31
Keywords
Behavior, Health
Additional Keywords
Survey Experiment, Privacy, Health Data, Artificial Intelligence
JEL code(s)
Secondary IDs
Prior work
This trial does not extend or rely on any prior RCTs.
Abstract
This study examines how information of artificial intelligence (AI) influences individuals’ willingness to share personal health data and their valuation of privacy protections. Using a 2 × 4 factorial design, Korean adults are randomly assigned to conditions varying in data-sharing institution types (for-profit vs. non-profit) and AI information (none, benefits, risks, or both). For five types of health data that differ in sensitivity, we measure respondents’ willingness to share information using a 7-point Likert scale and elicit their minimum acceptable compensation (willingness to accept, WTA). We further assess preferences for four alternative privacy policies using preference rankings and willingness-to-pay via a double-bounded dichotomous choice format. The findings offer policy-relevant insights for designing proportionate and targeted health data governance frameworks in the era of AI.
External Link(s)

Registration Citation

Citation
Choi, Eseul, Hyewon Kang and Won Sung. 2026. "Health Data Sharing in the Age of AI." AEA RCT Registry. April 01. https://doi.org/10.1257/rct.18237-1.0
Sponsors & Partners

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Experimental Details

Interventions

Intervention(s)
Our survey experiment employs a 2 × 4 factorial design that varies institutional context and AI information. The first dimension manipulates institution type (for-profit vs. non-profit), which is presented to all participants before the health data–sharing questions. Specifically, respondents are informed that their data would be shared with either (1) a for-profit company or (2) a non-profit research or public institution.
The second dimension varies informational framing about AI through four conditions: none, benefits, risks, and combined benefits–risks. Following the institutional treatment, participants are shown up to two information cards describing (i) the expected benefits of AI use (e.g., personalized medical services) and/or (ii) potential privacy risks (e.g., re-identification). The four AI information conditions are defined as follows:
• T1 – AI Benefits card
• T2 – AI Risks card
• T3 – Both cards: Both the Benefits and Risks cards are presented simultaneously
• Control: Neither card is shown
After the experiment module, all participants proceed to the policy preference survey module, in which both the Benefits and Risks cards are shown again alongside descriptions of four types of AI privacy policies.
Intervention (Hidden)
Intervention Start Date
2026-03-19
Intervention End Date
2026-03-31

Primary Outcomes

Primary Outcomes (end points)
The primary outcomes are:
(1) Intention to Share: For each of the five types of health data—(i) physical and lifestyle information, (ii) metabolic disease information, (iii) genomic test information, (iv) reproductive health information, and (v) mental health information—participants indicate their willingness to share the data with the assigned institution using a 7-point Likert scale.
(2) Willingness to Accept: For each of the five data types, participants choose the minimum compensation (WTA) bracket that would induce sharing.
(3) Policy Preference: Participants rank the four policies by importance and complete a double-bounded dichotomous choice sequence for each respondent's top two-ranked policies that reveals the policy-specific willingness-to-pay (WTP).
Primary Outcomes (explanation)

Secondary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes (end points)
Secondary Outcomes (explanation)

Experimental Design

Experimental Design
Participants are recruited through Hankook Research's panel and complete a 15–20-minute online survey. It proceeds as follows.
(1) Survey: baseline measures of privacy attitudes, AI knowledge, health care experience, and trust in institutions
(2) Experiment: information provision experiment
A. Random information provision treatment: institution type (for-profit vs. non-profit) × AI information (control, T1-benefits, T2-risks, T3-both)
B. Outcome measures: For each of five data types, Intention to Share (7-point Likert scale) and WTA
C. Manipulation check
(3) Survey: policy preference survey
A. Information provision: full disclosure of AI information (same as T3) and four AI-era privacy policies
B. Outcome measures: policy rank by importance and WTP for the top two ranked policies
(4) Survey: socioeconomic status
Experimental Design Details
Randomization Method
Randomization done by a computer
Randomization Unit
Individual
Was the treatment clustered?
No

Experiment Characteristics

Sample size: planned number of clusters
The number of clusters equals the number of observations.
Sample size: planned number of observations
3,600-4,000 adults aged 19 and older
Sample size (or number of clusters) by treatment arms
450-500 by treatment arms
Minimum detectable effect size for main outcomes (accounting for sample design and clustering)
Supporting Documents and Materials
IRB

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

IRB Name
Hanyang University
IRB Approval Date
2026-03-05
IRB Approval Number
HYUIRB-202603-007
Analysis Plan

Post-Trial

Post Trial Information

Study Withdrawal

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Intervention

Is the intervention completed?
No
Data Collection Complete
Data Publication

Data Publication

Is public data available?
No

Program Files

Program Files
Reports, Papers & Other Materials

Relevant Paper(s)

Reports & Other Materials