Primary Outcomes (explanation)
B1. Pregnancy. Indicator variable=1 if the girl is tested positive in the pregnancy test or if she declared that she was pregnant or already had a child in the phone or face-to-face surveys. These are questions 148 and 148a in the phone survey, and A5 in the face-to-face survey.2
B2 = Startup of business/farming. Indicator variable=1 if the girl has business and/or a farming/poultry/livestock activity. These are questions 27, 28 and 29 in the phone survey.
B3= Sales in a normal week from these business and/or farming/poultry/livestock activities. This is question 29a in the phone survey.
If many girls have zero-total sales, we will use the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation of the outcome (see Card and DellaVigna, 2013)
B4 – Safe sex. An index based on questions A10, A12, A13, A15 and A16 in the face-to-face interview. We will standardize the variables, using means and standard deviation from the control group, and sum them with equal weights.
B5=Patience. Indicator variable =1 if the girl chooses to wait for 1 month before receiving her phone voucher (and thereby receiving 10000 TZS instead of receiving 4000 TZS within 24 hours). This is question number 164 in the phone survey.
B6=Risk. A variable equal to the amount that the girl chooses to invest in the coin flip.
This is question 5Q1/5Q2 in the face-to-face interview.
Gender equality
G1 = Indicator variable=1 if the girl responds yes to the following question (that comes from the DHS – Tanzania): “Do you agree that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife if she goes out without telling him?” (Yes/No) This is question 151 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
G2 = An indicator variable based on the answers to the following questions:
“According to you, in a couple, how should the number of children be decided? Should it be primarily the husband's decision, the wife's decision, or a joint decision?”
(1) The wife, (2) The husband, (3) Both should have an equal say
“According to you, in a relationship, who should decide whether and when to have sex? Should it be primarily the man’s decision, the woman’s decision, or a joint decision?”
(1) The woman, (2) The man, (3) Both should have an equal say
“According to you, when having sex, who should decide whether and when to use a condom? Should it be primarily the man’s decision, the woman’s decision, or a joint decision?”
(1) The woman, (2) The man, (3) Both should have an equal say
We will recode the answers as follow: 1 if woman/wife, -1 if man/husband, 0 if both.
We will then calculate the sum of answers, it will range from -3 to +3. We will calculate X = the median value of this sum in the control group. The final indicator will be equal to 1 if the sum is larger than X, and equal to zero otherwise.
These are questions A8, B11 and B12 in the face-to-face survey.
Empowerment
E1 = Response value to the following question, where we ask whether they agree that “I have little control about things that happen to me”. The response is on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is strongly disagrees and 5 is “strongly agrees”. This is question 149 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
Welfare
W1= Response value to the following question, where we ask whether they agree that “I am very happy with my life», using the scale « 1. strongly disagree, 2. disagree, 3. neither agree nor disagree, 4. Agree, 5. strongly agree». This is question 153 in the long-term follow-up questionnaire.
W2 – Infections. An indicator variable equal to one if the respondent reports in the face-to-face interview: (i) stds, (ii) abnormal genital discharges, or (iii) genital sore or ulcer (questions C1, C2 and C3), or if the respondent is tested positive for syphilis.